Australian Wars and Resistance

▸ The natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The natives informed me, that people of a light colour came there with large boats, and took the wood away to the northward."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ a third tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From Liverpool Plains I proceeded with a third tribe to Tuaubilla, about 200 miles north-west from that place without discerning any thing of note."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I soon effected a junction with a tribe of blacks at Liverpool Plains, and by acquiring their language and assimilating to their manners, I also acquired their good-will."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ another tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "As remaining with this tribe, although attached to me, was not my object, for fear of being recognised by my countrymen, I joined another tribe, and went with them to a place called in the native language Bresa, about 30 miles to the north-west of Liverpool Plains."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ the Aborigines beyond Bathurst

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "George Clark, who was tried and convicted on Thursday week for horse-stealing, and cast for death, is the bushranger who succeeded in attaching himself to the Aborigines beyond Bathurst, so as to be adopted as a member of the different tribes with whom he travelled to a great distance into the interior."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ the tribe I had come with

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There I left the tribe I had come with, as they were returning, and I joined another who inhabited the country north-west of the river Keindooa."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-02-15
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I determined to keep with this tribe, until the return of the adventurers, and then to join them; but in the mean time, we again proceeded into the interior."
Citation: THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH-WEST. (1832, February 15). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 4 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32076934

▸ This wild fellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-10
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This wild fellow led them to the stock-yard described by CLARK under the name of the barber's stock-yard, which they found surrounded by the skeletons of cattle, and by the vestiges of bark huts, or, as the natives term them, gunnies."
Citation: ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette. (1832, March 10). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451

▸ a tame black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-10
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In a very distant part of the interior, the Major met with a tame black, who readily joined his party, and shortly afterwards with a wild one, whom his tame countryman prevailed on to fall in with the travellers."
Citation: ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette. (1832, March 10). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-10
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Early on the following morning Mr. FINCH returned, when, to his indescribable horror, he found his two men stretched on the ground, mangled corpses, having been murdered by the Blacks, who had decamped with the whole of his flour."
Citation: ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette. (1832, March 10). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-10
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is generally known that a man of the name of CLARK, on being apprehended, some months ago, for cattle stealing, reported that he had fallen in with a large river in a remote part of the interior, and that the blacks had informed him it ran many hundreds of miles towards the north-west."
Citation: ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette. (1832, March 10). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2205451

▸ The natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-14
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The natives had never troubled my party on our advance; indeed I only saw them when I came upon them by surprise, and then they always ran off."
Citation: Government Gazette Notices (1832, March 14). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 9. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120

▸ Various tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-14
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Various tribes followed us on coming back, but never with any shew of hostility, although moving in tribes of a hundred or more parallel to our marked line, or in our rear, it was necessary to be ever on our guard, and to encamp in strong positions only, arranging the drays for defence during the night: three men were always under arms, and I have much pleasure in stating, that throughout the whole excursion, and under circumstances of hardship and privation, the conduct of the men was very good."
Citation: Government Gazette Notices (1832, March 14). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 9. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-14
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I took an armed party to the scene of pillage, and buried the bodies of the two men, who appeared to have been treacherously murdered while asleep by the blacks during the absence of Mr. Finch: no natives were to be found when I visited the spot, although it appeared from columns of smoke on hills which overlooked it, that they were watching our movements."
Citation: Government Gazette Notices (1832, March 14). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 9. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "My tent was struck, and I had just launched my portable boat for the purpose of crossing the river, when Mr. Surveyor Finch, whom I had instructed to bring up a supply of flour, arrived with the distressing intelligence, that two of his men had been killed by the natives, who had taken the flour, and were in possession of every thing he had brought—all the cattle, including his horse, being also dispersed or lost."
Citation: Government Gazette Notices (1832, March 14). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 9. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1832-03-14
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Their first visit was received at my camp on the Karaula, during my absence down that river, when they were very friendly, but much disposed to steal."
Citation: Government Gazette Notices (1832, March 14). New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900), p. 9. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230388120

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-06-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "- A dreadful murder has been committed at Mr. Renkin's Station at Liverpool Plains, called the Barber's Stock Yard, the overseer and four assigned servants were found dead in the hut, and from the horrible manner in which their bodies were mangled, there can be no doubt but that the murder was committed by the natives."
Citation: SYDNEY. (1833, June 8). The Independent (Launceston, Tas. : 1831 - 1835), p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233686425
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233686425

▸ a Black Native, called Black Jemmy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "James Finney was indicted for the wilful murder of a Black Native, called Black Jemmy, on the 21st of June last, the first count charged the prisoner with stabbing the deceased with a bayonet, the second count with suffocating or drowning him in the water, and the third count with killing a Black Native, whose name is unknown."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ a black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "John Hilton deposed - I was an assigned servant of Mr. Dangar's in June last; I was employed at Liverpool Plains; I was a watchman there; I know the prisoner Finney; I remember prisoner and Dowling bringing a black man to the hut; it was on Monday morning, the 21st June; the black man they called Old Jemmy; they charged him with stealing a sheep; the prisoner insisted upon taking the black man to Mr. Dangar, but the overseer said Mr. Dangar was not at home; the overseer told the prisoner to keep the black until the master came home; there were there the prisoner, overseer, and Dowling, they then tied the black's hands behind him; and the overseer told the prisoner to take care of him till Mr. Dangar came home; about twelve o'clock I heard the cries of a black man, and I said to Dowling, there is Finney beating the blackfellow, I suppose he will not go on; the prisoner came home about two o'clock and I asked him what he had done with the black fellow; prisoner said he had let him go; the day after, prisoner came to me, and said, Jack, I want you to do me a favour, the black jumped into the creek and drowned himself, and I want you to come with me and help to bury him, for fear the other blacks should find it out and kill us; so with that I considered a little, and then went with the prisoner to help to bury him, I saw the body lying in the creek; the black's hands were tied behind him, we got him out, and carried him upon two handspikes to a place and buried him; in burying him I discovered a wound in his side; I said to Finney, look at this wound, how did it happen?"
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ a black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "James Ralph deposed, I was overseer to Mr. Dangar in June last; I recollect the prisoner and Dowling bringing a black man to the hut, on the charge of killing one of the shepherd's sheep; the prisoner said, he would take him to Mr. Dangar; I told him Mr. Dangar was not at home; the prisoner said, he would take him into the bush and keep him till Mr. Dangar came home; the black man and the prisoner then went away together, and I went towards my own house."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ himself and two others

Number of people: 3
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Witness—I did; and he told me that himself and two others stole the sheep and ate it."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ ten or twelve blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "prisoner said it was the fish had done it; I said it was not the fish, but I thought it was done with the old bayonet; upon this Finney smiled, and said no more, but buried him; the next evening about ten or twelve blacks surrounded our hut, and made fires, and staid against the hut all night; during the night prisoner and Dowling ran off to Mr. Dangar's, and Mr. Dangar came to the hut next morning, with Finney and Dowling; Finney and myself were going over to the station, two days after, when the prisoner asked me who told Mr. Dangar; I said perhaps it was Patrick; prisoner said he would as soon blow his head off as he would a black fellow's; I had occasion to go every day from the hut to the creek where the black man's body lay; I never observed any blood on the grass or on the bushes, or on the body; I did not show Mr. Dangar where the body lay, for he never asked me."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Judge—Had the prisoner a musket or bayonet in his hand when the black man and the prisoner left the hut."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Judge—Is it true, that you, the black man and the prisoner, walked together towards the Creek."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Judge—Did you ask the black man any questions respecting the sheep."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the black's

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Judge—Did you order the black's hands to be tied?"
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the blackfellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Prisoner—did I not tell you, that the blackfellow had jumped in, and that I had reported it to the overseer, and he had ordered me to fetch you."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ three black men

Number of people: 3
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-11-16
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I know the prisoner, he was in the employ of Mr. Dangar in June last, he was employed as a shepherd; the prisoner told me he had lost a sheep, which was taken by three black men; he said he knew them all; one was Jemmy, one Wolf, and the other Porter; the prisoner and myself went and looked for the sheep; we found the three blacks; we made an attempt to take them; but two escaped; we caught one, which was Old Jemmy; we took him to the sheep station that night, and the next morning we went with Old Jemmy and another black, and he took us to where there were some blacks encamped, and showed us some parts of the skin belonging to the sheep; we then took Old Jemmy to the Overseer, and there I left him, the prisoner, Old Jemmy, and the Overseer together, saying I had done my duty, and I would have no more to do with it, I went out about sun rise, about 12 o'clock I heard the black (cooing) or crying out, I could not see Finney or his flock anywhere; I saw Finney about three o'clock; I asked him where was Jemmy; prisoner said he cried out and he let him go; about two days afterwards some blacks made an attack upon us, when we were in our hut, the blacks told us we were very stupid for taking Old Jemmy, and that they would make us tumble down for it; they then commenced making fires all round the hut, and remained near us all night, in the morning they went away."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1833, November 16). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2214789

▸ the black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1833-12-28
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two stockmen of Sir John Jamison, have been, cruelly slaughtered and mangled by the black natives, at his station 200 miles from Bathurst, at the further extremity of Liverpool Plains."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1833, December 28). The Sydney Monitor (NSW : 1828 - 1838), p. 2 (AFTERNOON). Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32145306
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32145306

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1834-03-31
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks are very troublesome about Liverpool Plains, amusing themselves with killing the settlers' cattle, &c. Barber, the noted bushranger, who naturalized himself amongst these savages, it is said, taught the natives the method of spearing the cattle."
Citation: HUNTER'S RIVER NEWS. (1834, March 31). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12848997
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12848997

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1834-11-27
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It is stated that seven of the gang were killed by the blacks."
Citation: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. (1834, November 27). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12850970
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12850970

▸ a party of blacks probably about fifty in number

Number of people: 50
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Hall, who were alone in the hut, their men having gone out to split timber in the bush, observed a party of blacks probably about fifty in number, armed with spears, waddies, and tomahawks approaching, and suspecting from their appearance and menacing gestures that their intentions were not the most amicable, it was thought advisable to make preparations for their reception, should they show any symptoms of a hostile disposition."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ a party of blacks, about twelve in number

Number of people: 12
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the previous evening a party of blacks, about twelve in number, paid a visit to the station; where they remained for a few hours."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The attack is said to have been originated by a tribe of blacks who are in the habit of visiting another station belonging to the Messrs."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ one of the blacks

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A shot was fired in return, which wounded one of the blacks, and seeing preparations for more they scampered off."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "While Mr. Hall was procuring a supply of powder and shot from the box in which they were kept, the blacks attacked the hut and launched several spears at himself and at his brother, one of which grazed his eyebrow, but fortunately did him no material injury."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1836-06-30
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "WE have received intelligence of a dreadful outrage committed by the blacks at a station belonging to the Messrs."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1836, June 30). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31718217

▸ Several tribes of the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1837-11-25
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Several tribes of the blacks, it appears, have for some time been congregated together in that vicinity and have speared a considerable number of cattle, the property of various persons."
Citation: Sydney News. (1837, November 25). Bent's News and Tasmanian Register (Hobart Town, Tas. : 1837 - 1838), p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233324952
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233324952

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1837-11-25
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Intelligence has reached Sydney of a variety of outrages committed lately by the aborigines among the stock-stations at the outskirts of Liverpool Plains."
Citation: Sydney News. (1837, November 25). Bent's News and Tasmanian Register (Hobart Town, Tas. : 1837 - 1838), p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233324952
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article233324952

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks have now collected in large numbers daily committing havoc among our stock, and, actuated by the most revengeful [spirit?]"
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ The natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The natives then attacked the hut, and Mr. Thomas Hall received a spear in the head."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ Two shepherds

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two shepherds in the employ of Mr. Cobb, on the Big River, were murdered while attending their sheep in the bush."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ a servant of Sir John Jamison's

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "About the end of this year a servant of Sir John Jamison's was murdered on the Namoi River."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ the savages

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It appears from the subjoined account, that not fewer than fifteen Whites, principally convict stockmen and shepherds, have fallen victims to the blood-thirsty ferocity of the savages in that quarter ; besides which, great quantities of sheep and cattle have been wantonly speared and destroyed."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ the tribe domiciled on the banks of the Gwydir River

Number of people: 28
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It will be sufficient for our argument for us to state that reprisals of the kind we apprehended have taken place, and that twenty-eight individuals of the tribe domiciled on the banks of the Gwydir River, have been inhumanly massacred, and that ten persons now in the Sydney Jail and various others not yet captured are charged with being concerned in the outrage."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Cobban apprehended these blacks with Mr. Finch's property in their possession."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ two hut-keepers

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Mr. George Bowman's hut (situated between the Namoi and Big Rivers) was attacked while the storekeepers were out, and two hut-keepers were killed."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ two men

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Mr. Surveyor Finch had two men killed at the Big River, while on duty with Major Mitchell."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ two men of Mr. Hall's

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In April two men of Mr. Hall's were attacked (on the Big River) while splitting timber: one man was killed, and the other escaped with a spear in his leg."
Citation: SYDNEY GAZETTE. (1838, September 20). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2547293

▸ not fewer than twenty-eight blacks

Number of people: 28
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-22
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Ten individuals, principally the convict servants of settlers at Liverpool Plains, are now, we are told, under committal for murder, charged with being participators in an indiscriminate massacre of not fewer than twenty-eight blacks, whose mangled remains have been discovered on the banks of the river Gwydir."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1838, September 22). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721747
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721747

▸ the Aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-22
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "LIVERPOOL PLAINS Most horrible accounts have reached Sydney of atrocities perpetrated on the Aborigines at Liverpool Plains, in retaliation for some outrages committed on the property of the settlers there; during which several whites fell victims to the ferocity of the savages."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1838, September 22). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721747
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721747

▸ defenceless and peaceable blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-09-26
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A reward of £50 to any free individual, or a free pardon and a passage to England to any prisoner of the Crown has been offered by the Colonial Government, for the apprehension of one John Flemming, suspected of, and standing charged with the murder of a number of defenceless and peaceable blacks, residing at the station of Mr. Danger, near the Big River."
Citation: Australicus Again. (1838, September 26). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 4, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226458475
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226458475

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We understand that £300 has been subscribed, by the Hunter's River settlers, to defray the expenses of conducting the defence of the eleven men who were yesterday arraigned for the murder of several of the aborigines."
Citation: NEWS OF THE DAY. (1838, November 16). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161892
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161892

▸ the blacks at the Big River

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The eleven individuals committed for the massacre of the blacks at the Big River, near Dangar's station, were tried yesterday and acquitted."
Citation: NEWS OF THE DAY. (1838, November 16). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161892
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161892

▸ Anderson

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Attorney General — I was afraid, because Mr Day was making such enquiries, that I might have been brought into the business; I know that Anderson was on the bed when he was called up to be examined by Mr Day the first time; Kilmaister was taken away by the police at this time."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ Daddy, the black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I know Daddy, the black; his name is Daddy, at least Mr Hobbs called him Daddy; I never heard of a black called, Daddy Daddy; the blacks were unarmed with the exception of a tomahawk or two; I think there were three tomahawks; Daddy was a large bodied, but a short man."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ Davey

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He belonged to the Peel tribe; he came with some stock from the Peel; he was completely domesticated at Mr Dangar's; when I told Mr Hobbs that I did not know any of the party I meant that I did not recollect having seen any of the party before, but I should know them if I saw them; the fire place was covered with pistols; I counted fifteen."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ Davey the black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Attorney-General — Davey the black who was left at the hut did not belong to that tribe."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ King Sandy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By Mr Foster — It is a common thing for the stock-keepers to go armed, and in bodies when they go to a distant part of the bush; I am certain I saw King Sandy the day before; he came with Mr Foster; I know it was on the 10th of June; my place is about sixteen miles from Mr Dangar's. Charles Reid, a ticket of leave man in Mr Henry Dangar's employ; I took some bullocks from Myall Creek to the lower station at the Big River, in June last; the distance is about sixty miles; we stopped at Russell's on the third day after we started from home; there was a man named Palliser, another named Hawkins, another named Foley, and Toulouse there; Burrows was with me; I don't recollect hearing any thing particular; they asked if there were any blacks up at our place, and we told them there were; I saw a musket and sword with Russell, who was putting a buckle on a strap, and they said that the blacks had been rushing the cattle down the river, but they could not see any; Russell was making a pouch such as stockmen use for ammunition; I stopped at the lower station and did not return; on the road we met the man Fleming."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ a black gin

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "William Mace, a ticket-of-leave man in Mr Dight's service — A party of men came to my station in June last, on the 11th of the month; some of them were armed, and they brought a black gin with them; the black gin was left there, but I don't know who by; there were from ten to a dozen men, and they had breakfast; I know Kilmaister, Hawkins, Johnstone, Toulouse, Foley, Black, and Oates; there was nothing said about the blacks; it is a usual thing to see men armed, but not ten or twelve; no one came for the black gin."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ a black gin

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I am an assigned servant to Mr Dight, of Richmond, and I was stationed at the Big river; my station is about two miles from Dr. Newton's station; I was there in the early part of June; I saw a party of men like stock-keepers at Dr. Newton's station; there were about ten or twelve; they asked if there were any blacks there, and I told them none; I knew some of them, I knew a man of Mr Hall's, named, James (Oates), also Lamb, and Mr Eaton's man, (Parry), Hawkins, Johnstone; those are all I can recognise: they asked if there were any blacks cutting bark: I don't know who asked the question but it was one out of the party; they were armed with pistols and swords, and small guns, but I cannot say the individuals that were armed; they rode away from Dr Newton's station; on the Monday, the same party came to my station, and they had breakfast with me; they were sighted when I went into the hut; when I went in, a black gin was sitting by the fire; I had been in the hut a few minutes before, and the black gin was not there when I went out; both she and the men were there when I went back to the hut; the men I have already mentioned were there; there were 10 or 12 men altogether; Kilmaister and Hall's Jemmy were at my place with the party on Monday morning; some one said that they would call for the black women, but I do not know who it was that said so; Mr Eaton's man said that they had settled the blacks; I do not recollect saying any thing about its being a serious job; they stopped about an hour and a half; I have not heard of it at this time, and I never said any thing to them about Mr Foster's being gone to report it, because I did not know it before, and I cannot say how Parry happened to say what he did; I cannot recollect any conversation that passed then."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ a murder was reported to have been committed

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr E. Day, Police Magistrate at Musclebrook; I received information in the latter end of June which induced me to visit Mr Dangar's station; I reported the circumstance to the Colonial Secretary, as it was not in my district, and some time after I was directed to proceed with a party of mounted police, and make enquiry into the report; I went to Mr Dangar's station, and on the evening I arrived, Mr Hobbs accompanied me to the place where a murder was reported to have been committed; I examined the spot which was about fourteen yards round, and there were a number of small fragments of bones; but the place had the appearance of having been swept, and the large cinders which would remain after a large fire had been removed; I found fragments of bones, some teeth, the jaw bone of a human being; I should say they were all human bones (Mr Day produced the bones in Court); I examined a great number of witnesses and committed the prisoners; the prisoner Parry was represented to me as having expressed great sorrow for the circumstance, and I asked him if he had any statement to make; he denied knowing any thing about it, and had nothing to say; I was out seven days in making this enquiry."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ a parcel of blacks

Number of people: 30
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The following witnesses were then called: — Thomas Foster — I am superintendent to Dr. Newton at the Big River, beyond Liverpool Plains, and beyond the boundaries of the colony I have been there about fifteen or sixteen months; I was there in June last; Dr. Newton's station is about sixteen miles from Mr Dangar's; on Saturday the 9th of June, I went in company with William Mace to Mr Dangar's station; I slept there that night; I saw Anderson the hut-keeper, and a parcel of blacks, about thirty or forty in number, men, women, and children; I cannot state the proportions; I remained there that night and left on the following morning, when Mr Dight's overseer and ten of the blacks returned home with him, leaving the other blacks at Mr Dangar's; on my return home in consequence of information I received I sent the ten blacks that accompanied me back to Mr Dangar's, and I did not see them after; I saw them go in the direction of Dangar's; on the following morning about half an hour after sun rise, I saw a party of mounted men, some of them armed; there were about ten or twelve of them; two of them had pistols but I don't recollect seeing any more arms; they went to the men's huts, and I spoke to two of the party; the two were Oates and Kilmaister; Oates was called Hall's Jemmy; he was armed; I asked him what was the matter?"
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ an aboriginal black, named Daddy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment contained nine counts, the first four, charging the murder of an aboriginal black, named Daddy, in various ways, by inflicting wounds with a pistol and a sword, of which he died; the next four counts charged the murder of a male aboriginal black, to the Attorney-General unknown, in the same manner, and with the same variations as the first four counts; and the ninth count charged the death of a male aboriginal black, by casting and throwing him into certain burning logs of wood, and timber, and compelling him to remain in the fire until he died."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the black affair

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Cross-examined by the Attorney General — He came into my service in 1833, and was under my immediate control for a length of time; he was under Mr Hobbs two years; he was punished more than once; he was in charge of a station and he went away and left the station for two or three days; I won't swear he was absent all the time: I visited the station when he was away, and I prosecuted him myself: if Kilmaister had left his station, I should have got him punished: I heard generally of the black affair: but Kilmaister was out of my power then: I have no ill-feeling towards Hobbs: he is about to leave my service, as his term has expired: it expired last month: I don't know that this business has accelerated it: I was at the place where the fire had been: I went with Mr Hobbs: he pointed out where the bodies had been: it was represented to me that Kilmaister had joined the party: I found Anderson generally unruly and troublesome, more than all my men, in being disobedient to orders, and telling me falsehoods: I can't recollect particular instances: the instances on which he has been very troublesome and telling me a lie: on the last occasion he said that he had been to look for sheep, and I knew he had not been: at the same time he was sent from one station with a cart to another, and he returned and stated he had lost the beast on the road: I afterwards heard that he had stopped at a station, and not stopped on the road: I am a subscriber to defending the men, because I have a faithful servant among them, and I don't think him guilty of murder."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Cross-examination by Mr Foster — I was at Myall Creek the greater part of the time I was with Mr Dangar, except when I went to the other stations after cattle; Kilmaister always denied having any thing to do with the murder; I never went out without being armed; the place is beyond the boundary of the Colony; the arms were at the station for the protection of the men; I would not go out there myself without fire arms to protect myself against the blacks; I should think that no man would be safe, away back on the cattle runs, without arms; I question if there is a better servant in New South Wales than Kilmaister, and a quiet peaceable disposition; from his general quiet and peaceable character, I should not think him to be a man likely to be concerned in the murder; a black named Davy, showed me the place where the fire had been kindled; the place appeared to be much in the same state when I went with Mr Foster, as on the previous evening, with the exception of some of the bodies being removed by the native dogs; Foster had not the same opportunity of seeing the bodies so well as I had; he did not stop a minute; I saw one body, the large one, which was much disfigured, the flesh was off the legs and thighs, and there was flesh on the breast and trunk; I will not swear that the black called Daddy, is not at present in existence."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I was living there in June last; I went with cattle to the lower station before Hobbs left; there were a good many blacks at the station when I left; there were even women and children: I knew an old man they called him Daddy, he was a large man; I was away about ten days; I heard about the blacks before I arrived at the station — I arrived at the station three days after it had happened: I told Kilmaister that I had heard the blacks were taken away from the station, and I said that Mr Hobbs would be angry when he heard of it; Kilmaister told me to mind my own business, and that he knew nothing about them; he said a lot of men went to the hut and took them away, and he did not know what became of them: I was at Mr Bell's station, where Russell stopped, as I went down with the cattle; I saw some men there; I saw Hawkins, Toulouse, Russell, Foley, Pallister, and I think Johnstone, but I cannot swear positively to him: there was a man of his colour there: they were talking about the blacks: they asked me if the blacks were at one station, and I told them yes for four or five weeks, but that was a lie for they had not been so long there: they said they could not be the blacks who had done the depredation down the river; Russell was fixing some straps on his sword, and he was making a small pouch: some of them said they were going out to look after the blacks who had taken cattle away from some stockmen down the river: they said that they wished Jem Lamb was come: I did not hear them say what number of men they expected: they said they did not expect some men, but they did not state the number: after I had left Russell, I met a man armed with a fowling-piece and a sword slung by his side, but I do not know who he was: when I returned, I did not find Russell at home: I only called at the milking yard, and got a drink of milk: I heard after that that the armed man I had met was called Fleming."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I had gone to bed when the ten blacks came from Mr Foster's; I did ask for that gin to be left behind; I did ask them to leave one gin behind; Davey had been a good time at the station; I don't know why they spared Davey unless it was that Davey was a little more naturalised and belonged to the station; there was a gin left for me, although not the one I wanted; I wish they had left all with me; I wanted them to leave me a gin that I had had before; she was a black fellow's gin; I will swear that I did stay in the hut after they left; Davey stopped at the station with me; he did not go with the party; I never went to the place where the murder was committed; I did not see any bush fires about before that day; I only heard two shots fired and heard them quite plain; I can't recollect telling Mr Hobbs all that I have now told; I told him they had taken the blacks away and I could not help them; I told Mr Hobbs that I did not know who they were; I can't recollect any thing I said to Burrows; I don't recollect saying that I was sorry that I had not made it worse for Kilmaister; when I was first examined I only identified one man; I don't know how long it was before the magistrates came up; I swore to all of them by sight, but I did not know their names; I knew all of their faces a month after, and I know them now; Russell and Fleming I knew by name; I had a second examination; I did not say all at first; I said all I could recollect, and I recollected some things after that I could not recollect at the time; I have been five years in the colony and come here for life; I never said that I expected to get my liberty for this business; I don't expect any thing, and all I will ask for is protection; I don't recollect that the magistrates threatened to commit me for perjury; I said I did not think I could recollect the men, and the magistrate said that I might be committed for not thinking; I have been punished once for leaving the station; I never was in the bush; I was in New England when Mr Dangar had me punished; I do not think that I deserved punishment at the time; to speak the truth I did not deserve punishment, and if you like I will tell you all about it, and then you can judge for yourselves; I came down from New England to Patrick's Plains; I was eight days walking it; the charge against me was for not shifting the folds, and being away from my station; I came here for life for robbing my master; I was foolish and ignorant and led away by other people; I was guilty of what I was sent here for, but that was the only time I ever committed any thing; Foley was left to guard the arms that were left at the hut; I thought he was left there to make me believe anything; I have been frightened by the blacks; I was frightened once at New England; a black fellow came to my station, and I was frightened, but he went away when I spoke to him; I knew Joey, and King Sandy and his wife and all, they were all taken away; the gin I wanted them to leave was called Ipeta, she had no other name; there were two Sandys; I did not know the names of all the blacks; I knew Tommy and Joey, and Daddy and Sandy and his wife, and little Charley Sandy's son."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "George Anderson, an assigned servant to Mr Dangar — I was at the station Myall Creek as a hut-keeper; I was there nine months; Mr Hobbs is superintendent there; I recollect his leaving home to go to the Big River, in the beginning of June; there were native blacks at the station when he left; I don't know how many, but there were more than twenty; I won't swear there were not forty; about ten men came to the station about that time; they were on horseback and armed with muskets, swords, and pistols; they were all armed; they galloped up to the hut with their arms pointed at the hut; they were talking to Kilmaister; I know all the prisoners except two (Blake and Parry) they were all there; I cannot swear that the other two men were not there, but I don't recollect them; the blacks were all coupled together close to the hut, and the prisoners galloped up and surrounded them; I can't say who rode up first; this was about an hour and a half before sun-down; there were also plenty of women and children among the blacks; when the blacks saw the men coming they ran into the hut, and the men got off their horses; Russell had a rope round the horse's neck, and he began to undo it; whilst he was undoing the rope I asked what they were going to do with the blacks, and Russell said they were going to take them over the range to frighten them; Russell and some one or two of them went into the hut, and they tied the blacks; I cannot say who tied them as I was outside; I heard the blacks crying for relief to me and Kilmaister; they were crying and moaning the same as a lot of children would cry; there were many who could not walk; the whole party then went away taking the blacks with them; one went in front and took the rope to which the blacks were tied, and the rest followed after, and on each side; All the blacks were tied on this rope; I saw one pair of hand-cuffs; the rope was a long tether rope; they took all the blacks away except two little boys that made their escape by jumping into the creek; they left one black gin with me in the hut; they left her, because she was good looking; I do not know which said so; and they left another black gin with the black man that stopped with me called Davey; a little child which was at the back of the hut when they were tying the blacks; when they were all going away, I took hold of the child and stopped it from going; I had five blacks with me; I kept the child; they all went away with the exception of what I kept; there was an old man called Daddy amongst the blacks; he was the oldest of the lot; he was a very big tall man; there was another old man named Joe amongst them, and they were tied like the rest; some of the biggest of the boys were tied; but others who were not able to walk, were carried by the gins; whilst they were tying the blacks, Kilmaister got his horse ready; he had been talking to the other men before he went for his horse; I do not know what they were talking about as I was frightened; I know Oates, Jemmy as they call him, he was armed with pistols; there were a great many pistols amongst them; I know Foley, but I cannot say how he was armed; I saw him standing at the door with a pistol in his hand: I saw swords with them when they came galloping up; Kilmaister went away with them when they took the blacks away; after they went away, about a quarter of an hour or 20 minutes, I heard two shots fired; the report came from the direction they went in; I heard only two shots; I heard no other sounds; the same men came back to the hut on the next night; they were altogether except Kilmaister who was left behind; one of the party gave me Kilmaister's saddle off his horse; and Kilmaister came himself in about a quarter of an hour after they came; the party stopped there all night; the night they stopped there, me and Kilmaister slept together; all the men slept in the same hut; in the morning three of them took fire-sticks out of the hut, after breakfast, and went in the direction they had gone before; Russell, Fleming and Kilmaister were the men; when they were going, Fleming told Kilmaister to bring the leg rope home; they asked me for a leg rope and I gave it to them; they went in the direction they had taken the blacks; all the men but one went, and one was left with me as a guard; Foley was left with me; when I was in the hut with Foley after the rest were gone, and I asked him whether any of the blacks had made their escape; he said that none he saw, they were all killed but one black gin who was saved; before the party came back, Foley drew a sword out of the case, and it was all over with blood; during that time, the black fellow Davey and his brother came to me and asked me to let him have a musket; he was going to cut a whip-stick; Foley would not let him have one, and he went without it; the party came back about an hour after they went, and I saw a smoke in the direction they had been; they got up their horses, and Fleming told Kilmaister to go up by and by, and put the logs of wood together, and to be sure that all was consumed; some of them were in the hut, and must have seen them; Kilmaister went away shortly after the party left the station, and stopped away all day; when he returned, he brought back the horse he had left the day before; I never went near the place; I did not like to go, after what Davey, the black fellow, told me; Kilmaister could not have been all the day looking for his horse; the horse was knocked up and could not go; there was a great smoke all the day in the direction where they had been; I was at home, when Mr Day and the Police came there; Kilmaister was also at home; on the morning after the party went away, I found a piece of an old sword, but I did not observe any blood on it; it did not belong to my station, it came with the party; I gave it to Mr Hobbs one night after the Police went away; when the Police came to the station, Kilmaister said, for God's sake, mind what you say, and do not say I went with them but a quarter of an hour after; that was not the truth, he went with them at the same time; they took the black gin that was saved away with them; the two boys, the child, and the two black gins I sent away with ten blacks, who came to the hut from Mr Foster's; the ten blacks who had been to Mr Foster's, came back about ten o'clock of the night that the party had taken the other blacks; I sent them away, because I did not want to keep them, for fear the men would come back and kill them."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Number of people: 40
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "— I am superintendent for Mr Henry Dangar; I have been with him about two years, at Big's River, and, I recollect the beginning of the month of June last, I left my station on the 7th of June, on a Thursday, to visit another station about 60 miles down the river; I left Kilmaister and Anderson in charge of the Mile Creek station when I went; there were about forty or fifty blacks — men, women and children, at the station when I left; there were ten or twelve children, and as many women, and the rest were men; the blacks had been ten or twelve days at my hut, and they behaved themselves quietly; if they had not, they would not have been allowed to remain there; I returned to the station on the 15th of June, I cannot say what day of the week it was; there was a black named Davey at the station when I left, I found him there when I returned; In consequence of information I received I sent for Kilmaister up to my house, and asked him what had become of the blacks; he said he did not know; I told him I had heard they were murdered, and he knew all about it; he said he knew nothing about it, and had no hand in it; I told him I heard he was down at Dr Newton's and Mr Dight's stations with the men who came to the station, and I asked him what he did then; he said he was looking after his cattle; I then spoke to the Black Davey but not in presence of Kilmaister; I asked Davey to go with me to where the blacks were, about half a mile from my station; I was directed to the place by the tracks of blacks' feet and horses' hoofs; there had been rain and the tracks were plain; the tracks I saw were more like shoes of blacks than white; there were children's foot marks; there were more than one or five; I could not tell how many horses there were; the horses tracks were on each side of the native tracks; the tracks were going in a westerly direction and took me to where I found a number of bodies lying; the stench was so great from them that I could not count them with accuracy; I endeavoured to count them but I made sometimes more than at others; I counted twenty eight heads and forms of bodies; a number of the heads had been burned; some of the skulls were quite burned, but the frame of it was sufficiently distinct to show that they were skulls; I can undertake to swear there were at least twenty human beings; the bodies were terribly disfigured; I knew a native of the name of Daddy; he was an old man and the largest man I ever saw in my life, either white or black; I saw a large body there, but it had no head on and I could not swear to it, but from the size of it I should say it was his; I left Daddy at the station with the other blacks when I left; I saw children's heads, — from ten to twelve quite distinct; there were also some of the children's bodies quite distinct; the bodies were disfigured, partly burned, and different members destroyed altogether; I was satisfied in my own mind that the large body I saw was that of Daddy the black; it was lying on its back, but I could not say how the head was taken off; there was a little flesh on the body; I believe it to be the body of a man, and the body of Daddy; I saw several heads with the flesh on them; I could not recognize any of them; there were some male and females; there were several heads of which the fire had not burned the hair; the heads appeared to me to have been taken off; I should say they were not burned off, because the heads were lying away from the bodies; I cannot say that they were cut off; no person but Davey was with me that evening, the 15th, but Mr Foster went with me on the 16th; I followed the tracks from Anderson's hut up to the spot where the bodies were lying; I dare say the tracks are there to this day; the fire covered a large space, half as large as the space enclosed in this Court; the remains of the fire were quite distinct; I saw several places all round, where the ground was stained with blood; I endeavoured to muster them as well as I could, but the stench would not suffer me to do it correctly; I went with Mr Foster the next day; he went close to it, but I did not go so close; I was unwell from the stench; I don't think Mr Foster looked at it so accurately as I did the day before; he did not stop more than a minute; I stopped a quarter of an hour the day before, examining them; the bodies were dragged about the second day; the native dogs would diminish the number every hour; there were a great number of birds of prey about, eagle-hawks, and crows; when I returned home the second day, I spoke to Kilmaister about it; Mr Foster had left me and gone home; I told Kilmaister it was a very cruel thing for him to sanction the murder of these people, as he appeared to be on such friendly terms when I left; I also said that it was through him that the blacks were allowed to come to the station; Kilmaister was a confidential servant, and I always depended upon him; I told him I considered it my duty to report it to Government; he said he hoped I would not — not that he had any thing to do with it, but as he had been a long time with Mr Dangar, it might cause him to be removed and returned to Government; he appeared to be greatly alarmed about it; I told him I should report it to Mr Dangar, and I wrote a letter for that purpose; when I had written the letter I ordered all the men to come and hear what I had written, Kilmaister, Anderson, and my servant, Burrows; I read the letter, and Kilmaister appeared to be very uneasy about it, and I thought he would take the bush; he said, I hope, Sir, you won't report, for Jesus Christ sake, don't report it; he said that while I was away the blacks that were murdered had been rushing and spearing the cattle; he did not tell me this at first; I had to leave the station, and on my return I told Kilmaister that as he had stated the blacks had speared the cattle, and there were some on the run, he must go and show me where they were; I was out two or three days and could not find any, and I then thought he had been deceiving me, and I told him I should report the circumstance; the blacks I left at the station were brought to the station at the instance of Kilmaister himself; they were quiet and inoffensive people as far as I saw; I had conversations afterwards with Kilmaister; I observed on the cruelty of the act, and observed that they had not even the decency to bury the remains; he said that if I liked, he would go and bury them, but I told him as he had stated he had nothing to do with the murder, he had better not, as there was sure to be an enquiry about it, and it might be said that he went to bury the bodies out of the way; he always denied it to me, and I always thought he was innocent until I heard the depositions taken; not a day elapsed but he was dancing and singing with them when he came home from work; Kilmaister told me the men took the blacks away from the station; Kilmaister said he would not go with the men, and that Davy would prove it; Davy was present when he said this; he had my permission to carry a brace of pistols: I always carried them myself for safety; I was at Mr Eaton's station on the 20th; I saw Parry there, and in consequence of information I had received, I said Jemmy, this is a bad job, and I am very sorry you are one of the number; he said it is, Sir, but I hope there will be nothing more about it; I think it was in July when Mr Day came to the stations; he came there to investigate the murder; I forwarded my communication to Mr Day: I have not settled with Mr Dangar yet, but I believe I shall leave his employ in consequence of this business; I was at the station when Mr Day went there, and I showed him the place where the dead bodies had been; the bodies were not there then, but I don't know how they were removed; there were some rib bones, and children's jaws picked up; there were several small pieces of skull picked up; the heads had been removed; I never went to the place from the time I went with Mr Foster, until Mr Day came."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "THE ABORIGINES.—The Attorney General, on Thursday, addressing the Jury, in the case of the eleven men charged with being concerned in the brutal massacre of twenty-eight native blacks near the River Gwydir, said that a rumour had gone abroad that the prisoners were to be defended by an Association formed for the purpose of defraying all expenses in cases where white men might be arraigned for crimes resulting from coming into collision with the blacks."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES. (1838, November 17). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722052
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722052

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He believed that many of the gentlemen whose names had been enrolled in the association, were not aware of the real intent of the association, which was virtually to protect the stockkeepers and shepherds in the extermination of the blacks."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The law would not sanction an association formed for the express purpose of protecting the whites in their collisions with the blacks; such an association was calculated to encourage the commission of crimes, for which the prisoners were now arraigned — to encourage bloodshed."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Convict discipline was a string which had long been harped upon by the very gentlemen who report said had been united in this disgraceful association — by gentlemen who ought to blush at putting pistols and swords into the hands of their convict servants to destroy human life, and by encouraging them with a declaration that it was a meritorious circumstance to destroy the blacks."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I believe he is an assigned servant to Mr Dangar; they remained about a quarter of an hour at my place; they were at the men's huts and I don't know what he was doing; Sexton was my house servant; I do not know whether they left any one at my place; I saw no black gin there; when they left me they went towards Mr Dight's which is about two miles from my place; Dight's and Dangar's were not in the same direction; I saw a party of horsemen shortly after, but I could not swear they were the same; in two or three days afterwards I went to Mr Dangar's; I had business up that way; I saw Mr Hobbs, Mr Dangar's superintendent, and I accompanied him to a sheep station of my own, which was two or three miles from his station; I then parted with him but reached Mr Dangar's that evening and stopped there all night; next morning Mr Hobbs took me up half a mile from his house, upon a ridge, to see the remains of some blacks; Anderson's hut is almost adjoining Mr Hobbs's house; Anderson is an assigned servant to Mr Dangar; I saw the body of a black man with the head on and the limbs apparently burned off; I saw a head without a body, and two or three skulls so destroyed by fire as to render it impossible to say whether they were women or men; there was the remainder of a large fire; it appeared to be a recent fire, and I saw two or three skulls in the fire; there were two heads and a body that were not burned, and two or three skulls besides; I did not examine if there were any wounds upon them; I tracked some horses from Mr Dangar's to that place; there must have been several horses; I then proceeded home; I stopped about five or ten minutes at the place — the smell was very offensive and I found it overpower me; the place where I found the remains was on the side of a ridge about half a mile from Mr Dangar's, and the fire occupied a large space; I communicated the facts to several persons; I did not communicate it to the magistrates; Mr Hobbs was with me at the place where the skulls were; Mr Hobbs did not examine the bodies more closely, nor so closely as I did at that time; on the evening before, when I was at Mr Dangar's, Kilmaister, did not state to me that his cattle had been rushed; I saw him there."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "— What Kilmaister said about rushing the cattle was in answer to a question I had put to him; I tracked horses part of the way towards the bodies; the tracks were on the public road; I don't think I tracked the horses all the way; it had been raining for two or three days and it was easy to track them; I only saw Oates and Kilmaister armed; it is very customary to meet people in their situations armed; and it is not unusual to see them mounted; I believe it is customary to go armed on account of the blacks; I have been more fortunate than my neighbours, as I have never suffered from the blacks; my station is in a central situation; I am well surrounded by neighbours, and there is less danger to me, than others; there has not been any fight since I have been there; I heard that before I went they attacked Oates, but I do not know; I saw no children's skulls; I have enumerated all that I did see; Mr Hobbs did not then say that he wished all the blacks had been killed."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the parties

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He was not aware of the acknowledged purposes of this association, but he had no hesitation in saying, that if they were what they had been described, the association was an illegal one, and if the proofs of its existence were to be obtained, the Crown officers would not be backward in doing their duty, by bringing the parties to justice."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ the tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By the Attorney General — I have never seen Daddy since; I never saw a female so large as the frame I speak of; I have never seen any of the tribe of blacks since then, and I have made enquiries for them."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ twenty-eight human beings, men, women, and defenceless children

Number of people: 28
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "By the indictment they might suppose that the alleged murder was confined to two individuals, and for the sake of humanity, for the character of the colony, and for the honor of the British name, he wished that it had been — not so however, no fewer than twenty-eight human beings, men, women, and defenceless children, were inhumanly butchered in cold blood, and without provocation."
Citation: LAW. (1838, November 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36859766

▸ twenty-eight of the Aboriginal inhabitants of the colony

Number of people: 28
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "—— On Thursday, the eleven men accused of being participators in the cold-blooded massacre of twenty-eight of the Aboriginal inhabitants of the colony, at Liverpool Plains, were tried in the Supreme Court, before the Chief Justice and a civil jury, and acquitted."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES. (1838, November 17). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722052
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722052

▸ Daddy, the native black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Of all the counts, the four charging the prisoners with the murder of Daddy, the native black, were the only ones offered to the jury as affecting the prisoners."
Citation: Defence. (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161915
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161915

▸ The Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From the manner of the party, the Blacks, who are by no means so deficient in intellect as they are represented in books, perceived danger, and ran for safety into the hut."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ The Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Blacks, it appears, were residing at the hut of Kilmaister, in peace and confidence as usual, when a party of men, mounted, and armed with swords and pistols, galloped up to the place."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ a company of Aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The trial of eleven men for the slaughter of a company of Aborigines of both sexes and all ages, from sucking infants to hoary hairs, took place on the 15th inst."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "But we will commit our opinions to writing, at once, to prevent either misapprehension or misrepresentation:— We are of opinion then, 1—That the slaughter of Mr. W. Faithful's men was a savage, unprovoked, wanton, and treacherous murder, by a tribe of blacks in the south, 2—That Sir George Gipps in giving a cold not to say repulsive reception to the Argyle gentlemen who with great propriety waited on him on that occasion to seek redress gave great offence to the whole intelligent community, and particularly to the grazing community."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ eight-and-twenty poor helpless betrayed men, women, and children

Number of people: 28
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "What was there in this murder of eight-and-twenty poor helpless betrayed men, women, and children, that should induce the magistrates and gentlemen of Hunter's River to hire Counsel for the murderers?"
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ old Daddy or any other MALE black

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Hobbs would not swear that the mutilated frame he described was the body of old Daddy or any other MALE black, as set forth throughout the whole indictment; he had distinctly sworn, that he could not distinguish the sex of the trunk found."
Citation: Defence. (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161915
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161915

▸ such blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "3—That it was the duty of Sir George to initiate a Bill before the Council then sitting without a moment's delay, authorising the Governor to pursue after such blacks, and to do so at all future times in every part of the Colony, and to issue orders at all such times of outrage to the commanding officer in pursuit to slay the adult males of the offending tribe, in case he should not be able to capture them."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the aged Black, named Daddy,

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It must have been a heart-rending sight to see the aged Black, named Daddy, led to the slaughter—a man of a giant-like stature, and probably brave as he was magnificent in his form; the tears rolling down his aged cheeks at the sight of his wife, children, and relatives."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From the violent articles published by a contemporary during the last months against the black natives, we had been impressed with the belief, that not only had these slaughtered aborigines committed some wanton murders on our stockholders residing in their neighbourhood, but that their slaughter had been perpetrated in retaliation for such murders."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Let not the above commentary on the dire deed perpetrated on a company of domesticated blacks—blacks in alliance with us—blacks more than in alliance with us, for they were friends—strangers within our gates—strangers adopted—strangers become part of ourselves—strangers who had sought our hospitality, protection, and adoption—strangers however by our usurpations, being the owners of the soil and whose proffer on this head had been accepted and ratified by domestic associations, being permitted to dwell with us in the same town, or, which is the same thing, the same station—let not, we say, this treacherous massacre be considered as committing our opinions on the protection that is due to the whites, by the just punishment of the blacks when the latter have been, or shall again be, the aggressors; as we know them to have been in the South with regard to Mr Faithful's men, and as we have heard and believe them to have been in one or more instances in the North and West."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the company or tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But the company or tribe of blacks put to the sword by these eleven men, had not only been innocent of all personal violence, but they had become domesticated among these very men."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the headless bodies and skulls

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "After the slaughter, a fire composed of dead trunks of trees, and many yards in extent, was kindled, and the headless bodies and skulls were placed on the pile."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ the slaughter

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Arrived at the place chosen for the catastrophe, the slaughter began."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The only thing laid to their charge by the murderers, is, that they had committed a depredation on some sheep once; and had once rushed the cattle in charge of one of the prisoners."
Citation: SYDNEY MONITOR & COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER (1838, November 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32161908

▸ a black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-26
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Thomas Foster—I saw the body of a black man with the head on, but the limbs were apparently burnt off; I saw a head without a body, and two or three skulls; I could not tell whether these skulls were of men or women, I stopped about 5 or 10 minutes; I saw no children's skulls."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1838, November 26). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861861
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861861

▸ another black named Charley, and three children of the same tribe or company

Number of people: 4
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-28
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Charles Kilmaister, James Oats, Edward Foley, James Parry, John Russell, William Hawkins, and John Johnson, seven of the men lately tried for, and acquitted of the murder of one of eight and twenty aborigines at Liverpool Plains, were arraigned on a similar charge for the murder of another black named Charley, and three children of the same tribe or company."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, November 28). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162035
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162035

▸ one adult native known by the name of Charley

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-11-28
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Charles Kilmaister, James Oats, Edward Foley, James Parry, John Russell, William Hawkins, and John Johnson, were again arraigned for the murder of certain aboriginal native children to the Attorney General unknown, and one adult native known by the name of Charley."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, November 28). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162035
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162035

▸ Charley

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The offence here was confined to the murder of children and the impression upon his mind then was, that the prosecutor should be restricted to evidence of the murder of Charley, on the principal that a party should not be put on his trial for two offences at the same time; and he should take on himself to direct them that in the first instance they must apply their minds to the murder of Charley alone; if they arrived at the conclusion that Charley had been killed and that the prisoners were the parties implicated in the murder, they would find on the last, five counts, and they would be relieved from the consideration of the other counts but if they did not find that fact, then they would apply their minds to the other counts which charged the murder of a black child unknown, and he would reserve the point taken by Counsel for the decision of the full Court, so that the prisoners might have the benefit of their solemn decision."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ This tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— This tribe was backwards and forwards from one station to another, and they had the name of being always in the district and very peaceable ; a month or two before this happened, I saw them at Mr M'Intyre's station."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ This tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He would put one case—This tribe might have gone, as was stated, in company with the whites; had been met and attacked by another body of blacks, and left in the way described; and were these men, merely because they happened to be in their company some time before, to be put on their trial for murder?"
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ a black aboriginal child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Registrar then charged the jury with the prisoners, and read through the indictment which contained twenty counts, as before stated, charging the prisoners with the murder of a black aboriginal child; the counts varying the person of the child, as a male, and a female child to the Attorney-General unknown, and as a black aboriginal named Charley."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ a black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Governor ordered my suspension, and perhaps the Secretary of State might have ordered that I was not to be reinstated; I would dismiss one of my servants for shooting a black man; on my oath I would; Mr Hobbs is not to remain in my service; his time is expired."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ a little boy named Charley

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr William Hobbs, also gave similar evidence with one or two exceptions; and continued: I knew a little boy named Charley whose father was called Sandy, and they both were with the party of blacks I left at Myall Creek, when I proceeded to the Big River; he was a very familiar and a forward boy for his age; I know his mother who was called Martha, and they were all at my station when I left."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— It was distinctly to be seen that the remains were those of blacks ; the flesh in many parts remained on the bodies."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ forty to fifty blacks

Number of people: 50
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By saying that the bodies and sculls were in the same state when I went with Mr Foster, as they were the evening before when I examined them alone; I did not mean with reference to the number of bodies, but to their state generally; I was close enough to see them; there was no fire, either on my first, or my second visit with Mr Foster; unless a person went close up and stirred about the ashes, he could not see the bones and sculls so well as I did; Mr Foster went closer to the fire than I did on my second visit; I will not swear that he did not remain ten minutes at the fire; on my first visit, I examined them very minutely, and I judged from the sizes of the heads and sculls as to their being children or adults; I left from forty to fifty blacks at my station when I went to the Big River; I think there were more, but I may safely say from forty to fifty ; I cannot swear that the forty or fifty I left are not living in any other part of the Colony, but I am quite sure they are not ; I had a conversation with Mr Cormick at Mr Eaton's station relative to the murder ; Parry was there, but I did not like to speak directly to him ; Mr Cormick was begging me not to report it; I spoke to Parry of the matter about twenty minutes after, when Mr Cormick had left ; he said he was sorry for it ; I do not exactly know what Myall means, but I believe it is the name of some wood ; I do not know that the term Myall Black means a savage ferocious black."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ some blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Robert Sexton sworn (this witness was not examined on the former trial), I am assigned to Dr Newton, and was at the station in June last, when a party of horsemen came to the station ; my master was not at home ; they were all mounted, and I knew Johnstone, Hawkins, Russell, Oates, Kilmaister, and a man named Lamb, who I do not see before the Court ; they asked John Bates if the blacks were there, and he said no ; they remained a few minutes, and rode off, saying, they were going to Mr Hull's station, which is eight miles distant ; this happened on the Saturday, and on Sunday Mr Foster came home and brought some blacks with him, but after they had stopped half an hour or an hour, they went away again ; Mr Foster told them to go away, because the party were out looking for them ; on the Monday morning following, the same party, with two others, came to the station ; they gave me a black gin, and said I was to take care of her until some one called for her; the overseer (Mr Foster) would not let me keep her, and they took her away and went over to Mr Dight's station ; Hawkins asked if the blacks were there, and when told no, he said it was a bad job they were not, and that they were driven away in order that they should not be caught ; a few days after, when I went up to Mr Hobb's station, I told Kilmaister it was a bad job about the blacks, and he said yes, but he was all right."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ that tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I believe that tribe of blacks to have been about Mr M'Intyre's station seven or eight months ; it must have been known that I was going to the Big River, ten or twelve days before I started, because I was collecting the cattle for that purpose, and I said that as soon as I could get one herd in, I should go."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There was one circumstance, which had come out since the former trial which would clearly implicate Kilmaister, and shew that he, at any rate, was actuated by malice, in the share he took in the matter; it was his having, when spoken to of the motives which could have induced him to commit such a deed, replied that if it was known what the blacks had threatened to do to him, he would not be blamed."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I know that depredations had been committed by the blacks some time before this, but further down the river; and I recollect Kilmaister saying that he thought it was a good job that the blacks had come to the station, so that he could make friends with them; I did not say in my evidence, although I see it in the public prints, that Mr Foster stopped only a minute at the fire."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I saw the foot-marks of persons who appeared to have been engaged in rolling logs to the fire; they were not cut logs but dry timber; I found a basket such as is used by the blacks, on the road between my station and the fire; it contained various articles such as are carried by the blacks; it contained a piece of opossum skin, some pipe clay, which they use for painting, some belts, and some small crystal stones which the blacks set great value on; I have been told they worship these stones, and consider they possess a charm to cure them when they are sick."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The information charged the murder as having been committed by shooting with a pistol, cutting with a sword, and beating, casting into a fire, and keeping the child there until death ensued, to which the prisoners pleaded not guilty."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the country

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He could not avoid declaring that the thanks of the country were due to Mr Day, the police magistrate, for the vigilance he had exercised in tracing this barbarous murder; and they were doubly due to him, as he had every obstacle thrown in his way by those who ought to have assisted him, and was strenuously opposed in the performance of his duty."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ the unfortunate blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In this case, it was clear that a human creature had been slain, and he hoped he need not impress on their minds that it mattered not, in the sight of God or of the law, whether that creature had a white or a black skin; they were equally liable to the protection of the law, and he could not help noticing (and he had waded through the evidence to find it if possible), that in this case there had not been the shadow of provocation given by the unfortunate blacks."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— The basket of things I found were not likely to be left by them, of their own accord ; I also saw several other baskets that had been left by them at their camp ; they all contained the articles generally used and carried by the blacks ; I have always understood they worshipped the crystal stones, and I have seen a great many with them ; I have got some of those left myself ; I also found a Scotch cap, which an old man named Joey wore ; it was a good cap, and had been given to him by a white man ; when they were at my place, I used to give what food I could spare, and they went out every morning hunting, and returned at night with opossums, and other food enough to keep them ; I found no food at the camp."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "If outrages had been committed by other blacks down the river, this tribe had been represented as peaceable; they were in constant contact with the whites, and were peaceably encamped for the night, when they were led away to slaughter."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Charles Reid, a ticket-of-leave man, gave evidence to the same purport as on the former trial, and added : I saw the place where the murder was alleged to have been committed, and saw bodies and heads lying about, but I walked away as quick as I could ; Kilmaister appeared very angry when I spoke to him about it ; the blacks are generally treacherous, but this tribe was particularly peaceable, and had been about Mr Wiseman's and Mr M'Intyre's stations for some time."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ those blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— I believe those blacks belonged to that particular district; Davy's brother who was named Billy, and came to my station after the murder ; I do not think from the general habits of the blacks, that they would be allowed to go into another district."
Citation: LAW. (1838, December 1). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36860246

▸ The black fellows

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black fellows were fastened to each other by the wrists, and one had handcuffs on."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks had been about five weeks at Mr. Dangar's station and were perfectly quiet."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks were all tied with this rope, one end of which was given to one of the men on horseback."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, on seeing the party come galloping up, became alarmed, and took refuge in the hut."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ a black fellow, named Davy, and his gin

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They left a black fellow, named Davy, and his gin, and another black gin they did not take with them, be-cause they said she was good-looking."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ a black gin

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Bates and Kilmaister had joined them, and they brought a black gin with them."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ an aboriginal child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment contained twenty counts, the first five charging the prisoners with the murder of an aboriginal child; the next five with the murder of a male aboriginal child, and the next five with the murder of a female aboriginal child, and the last five with the murder of an aboriginal boy named Charlie."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ any blacks at Myall Creek

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They enquired whether there were any blacks at Myall Creek, and being told there had been some there for the last five weeks, they said they could not be the same ones that had rushed the cattle down the river."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ any of the blacks he left at the Myall Creek station

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Since the time of his departure, to visit the lower Big River station, witness has never seen alive any of the blacks he left at the Myall Creek station; when returning from the former station, witness saw the prisoner Parry at Mr. Eaton's station, and spoke to him; witness said, that this was a bad job, and he was sorry to hear that Parry was one of the number; Parry acknowledged that it was a bad job, but trusted that there would be nothing more about it."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They enquired for blacks, and finding there were none there, they rode off."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ from forty to fifty blacks

Number of people: 40
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At that time there were from forty to fifty blacks there, some living in the huts with the men, and others in a camp they had formed close by."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ from thirty to forty blacks

Number of people: 30
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Foster deposed, that on Saturday the 16th of June he went to Mr. Dangar's station in company with Mr. Mace, superintendent to Mr. Dight, when he saw from thirty to forty blacks, men, women, and children, apparently on the most friendly terms with the men on the establishment."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ so many blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Witness had been dissatisfied at having so many blacks about the place, but had been induced to allow them to remain by the representations of the prisoner Kilmaister who said that it was a good job to be on such friendly terms with them."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ some blacks who were there

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When the party went away finally, they said they were going towards Mr. McIntyre's in search of some blacks who were there; after they had gone, witness found the broken hilt of a bloody sword in the hut where they had slept, which he subsequently gave to Mr. Hobbs."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ ten of the blacks

Number of people: 10
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He remained at Mr. Dangar's during the night, and on the following morning returned home, taking with him ten of the blacks he had found at Mr. Dangar's. On the way home he received information which induced him to believe that some outrage was meditated against the blacks at Mr. Dangar's; he therefore dispatched the blacks, who had accompanied him, back to warn their companions of the threatened danger."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was Hawkins who enquired for the blacks, and on being told they were not there, he said it was a bad job that the blacks had gone away."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Witness heard Parry say, We have had a shot at the blacks."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: exclude_generic
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Robert Sexton, an assigned servant to Dr. Newton, was also present in June last when the horsemen came and enquired whether the blacks were there."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "About half an hour after sunrise, on the following morning, a party of men, twelve or thirteen in number, armed and mounted, rode up to Dr. Newton's, and enquired where the blacks had gone to, but witness gave them no satisfactory reply."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoner Kilmaister, one of Mr. Dangar's assigned servants, alleged that the reason why they were out after the blacks, was because they had rushed his cattle on the previous day."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the following day the witness accompanied Mr. Hobbs home, and next morning they went together to the place where the blacks had been slaughtered."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The remains of the blacks had been in great measure destroyed by fire; but there were still visible the body of [a] black fellow, a head without a body, and two or three skulls."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On his way he heard it reported that the blacks had been massacred; Mr. Foster accompanied him home; witness found Kilmaister absent, but on his return, witness told him that he had heard of the slaughter, and should think it his duty to report it to the Government; Kilmaister denied all participation in the crime, but earnestly in-treated witness not to report it, lest, being a prisoner, the Government should remove him from Mr. Dangar's service."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Witness then wrote a letter, which he meant to have sent, but on calling the men together, and reading it to them, Kilmaister appeared so much agitated, and begged so earnestly that he would not send it, that he was induced to destroy it, being appre-hensive if he sent it, that Kilmaister would take the bush; Kilmaister alleged, that the blacks had been spearing the cattle, but on examining the herds some days afterwards, he could not discover any signs of their having done so; on the 15th, he had observed the tracks of horses on the road between Mr. Dangar's and Dr. New-ton's, and the marks were distinctly visible all round the house at Mr. Dangar's station: a regular track had been formed by the horses' feet from Mr. Dangar's station, in a westerly direc-tion; on the evening of his arrival at home, the witness, accompanied by a black fellow named Davey, who had been brought up on the station, followed the track; the marks of naked human feet were distinctly visible on the middle of the track, and those of horses on either side; at about half-a-mile distance, witness came upon the spot where the murders had been committed, and the bodies afterwards partially consumed; the place was literally strewed with human remains; around the fireplace the marks of shoes were visible, and also in the places whence the logs had been rolled, to form the fire; among the remains were the heads of from ten to twelve children some considerably less burnt than others; the heads had, in several instances, been severed from the bodies, so that it was difficult, especially under so overpowering a stench, to ascertain the exact number that had been slaughtered; witness reckoned twenty-eight, but could not state that as the precise number; there were at all events twenty-five; three of the heads had not been burned at all the hair being merely singed; there were the remains of children distinguish-able, varying in age from two to seven years; some of the skulls were distinguishable as those of females, from the hair being still entire; it was in turning over one of these skulls, that the stench became so intolerable as to compel him to retreat."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In the month of June last, witness saw a party of men mounted and armed, at Dr. Newton's, in search of the blacks some with pistols, and others with swords."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the following morning witness accompanied Mr. Foster to the place of slaughter, but did not go so near as on the former occasion; the remains seemed to have been much dragged about in the interim by native dogs, and hundreds of birds of prey were congregated around the spot; on the track between the station and the place of slaughter, witness found a basket which had be-longed to the blacks, which contained an opossum cloak, several belts, and some stones."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In his re-examination, witness stated, that he afterwards visited the spot where the blacks had encamped, and found several baskets and some pieces of crystal used in their worship, which they set a great value upon, and always carry about with them."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A little child that was playing at the back of the hut while the blacks were being bound, was running after its mother when witness caught it and pulled it back into the hut."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In the morning, after they got up, witness asked the prisoner Russell, whether they were not going to bury the blacks?"
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Charles Reid, a ticket of leave man, in Mr. Dangar's employ, deposed that he was at Mr. Bell's, about forty miles from Mr. Dangar's, when some armed men came there in search of the blacks."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Russell and Hawkins were there; they said the blacks had rushed their cattle on the preceding day."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks bound together

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The cavalcade then started, the man holding the end of the rope going first, the blacks bound together went in the middle, and the horsemen on either side."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks left at the station

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "An old man named Daddy, and a little boy named Charlie, the latter a great favourite from his familiar disposition, and the readiness with which he could speak English, were among the blacks left at the station."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the blacks who had gone away with Mr. Foster

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "During the absence of the party the blacks who had gone away with Mr. Foster, came and took away the blacks that had been spared."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the whole of the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "During their absence, Foley showed witness a sword covered with blood, and told him they had killed the whole of the blacks, with the exception of one gin."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ the whole tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "These were all out of the whole tribe that escaped."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ two little black boys

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At a little distance from the hut two little black boys jumped down the bank of the creek and escaped."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ what they intended to do to me

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When at Mr. Dangar's, witness expressed himself as more surprised at Kilmaister's being concerned in the murder than any of the others, on which Kilmaister replied, You would not be surprised if you knew what they intended to do to me."
Citation: Domestic Intelligence. (1838, December 5). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722156

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks being so surrounded, fled for safety to the hut of one of you, (Kilmaister.)"
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ These defenceless blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "These defenceless blacks were peaceably and unsuspectingly residing in the vicinity of a hut inhabited by one of you (Kilmaister) and under his protection."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ all the blacks but one

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There were in consequence traces on the road to Dangar's, and thence to the place of slaughter, of horses on two paths, and of naked feet in a centre path; a corroboration of the fact, that all the blacks but one were led away by you."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ an aboriginal black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mooney Mooney, an aboriginal black, for sheep stealing, to stand over to next sessions."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ an aboriginal black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Cranky, an aboriginal black, for sheep stealing, and for the murder of another black at Wellington, to stand over to next session."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ an aboriginal black child, name unknown

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Charles Kilmaister, William Hawkins, James Perry, Edward Foley, James Oates, John Russell and John Johnson, convicted during the present sittings of the wilful murder of an aboriginal black child, name unknown, were placed at the bar."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ an aboriginal black unknown,

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It would therefore not be fair towards the prisoners, who were acquitted of the murder of the boy Charley, but found guilty of the murder of an aboriginal black unknown, to prevent them from now arguing that point."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ another aboriginal black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Nunny Moon, another aboriginal black, for murder, was remanded to next sessions."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ any black black child, name unknown

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In the summing up to the jury he told them that if Charley had not been murdered, then they were to enquire, whether any black black child, name unknown, had been murdered."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ men, women, and children

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In your case, the slaughter in cold blood without provocation, of men, women, and children had taken place — even of babes hanging at their mothers' breasts."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ the black unknown,

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "His Honor had directed the attention of the jury particularly to the boy Charley, and thereby precluded the Attorney-General from proceeding in the case of the black unknown, or they should at the trial have also argued that point."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Upon your march on the Saturday you called at Newton's station, where you enquired for the blacks; and on the Sunday evening, after employing that sacred day in searching for these unoffending people, you reached Dangar's station, captured them, and closed the Sabbath with their murder."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Proclamation having been made to preserve silence, while sentence of death was being passed upon the prisoners, Judge Burton placed the black cap upon his head, and addressed them nearly as follows: Prisoners at the bar — You have been found guilty of wilful murder."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ their remains

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-07
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Not fewer than thirty persons were inhumanly slaughtered by you, and their remains afterwards destroyed."
Citation: SUPREME COURT—CRIMINAL SIDE. (1838, December 7). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162129

▸ a black unknown

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-08
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. a'Beckett then rose to move an arrest of judgment, in accordance with the objection raised at the close of the trial, that the prisoners having been acquitted on one set of counts, for the murder of Charley, they were improperly convicted on the other counts for the murder of a black unknown."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, December 8). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084

▸ a whole tribe of unoffending blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Their crime was not a single murder, they had exterminated, with the exception of one or two, a whole tribe of unoffending blacks— men, women, children, and infants at their mothers' breasts; and one of the murderers was a man whom they looked upon as a friend, who the evening previous to the murder, was in their company as a boon companion, and these creatures could not have looked upon him in any other light, than as a friend and protector."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, December 8). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084

▸ an aboriginal black

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-08
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "of the murder of an aboriginal black, whose name was unknown to the Attorney General were then put to the bar, when the Attorney General prayed the judgment of the Court upon them."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, December 8). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "His Honor dwelt with great emphasis upon the horrible manner in which this tribe had been butchered in cold blood — for it was a premeditated slaughter."
Citation: Law Intelligence. (1838, December 8). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226460084

▸ John and Francis Allman

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "John and Francis Allman, were murdered at New England, and their sheep taken away."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ New England

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1838.—March.—Mr. Surveyor Finch had two men murdered, while in charge of a tent and some stores, at New England."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ Noamoi and Big River

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1837.—September.—Mr. George Bowman's hut (situated between the Namoi and Big River) was attacked while the storekeepers were out, and two hut-keepers were killed."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ a servant of Sir John Jamison's

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1835.—About the end of this year, a servant of Sir John Jamison's was murdered on the Namoi River."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ aboriginal natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "We have now before us, the report from the Committee of the Legislative Council, on the Aborigines' Question, with the Minutes of Evidence, at page 44, of which we find the following list of Europeans killed by aboriginal natives:— 1832.—Mr. Surveyor Finch had two men killed at the Big River, while on duty with Major Mitchell."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ certain aboriginal natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "MONDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1838 Sworn to no Master, of no Sect am I. ———— The men found guilty of the alleged murder of certain aboriginal natives have received sentence of death."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ several blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At the termination of the last criminal sessions, several blacks accused of murder and other serious crimes, were remanded, in order that interpreters might be procured."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ the black murderers and robbers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In all probability, notwithstanding missionary charges and black Protectors salaries, no interpreters will be forthcoming next sessions, and the black murderers and robbers will, as a matter of course, be turned loose to rob and murder again!"
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ the bush

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1837—November.—Two shepherds in the employ of Mr. Cobb, on the Big River, were murdered while attending their sheep in the bush."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ the bush

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "No.] 1838—Mr. Cruikshank, at New England, had a shepherd murdered in the bush; and when the flock was found, sixty or seventy sheep were missing."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ the other men

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1838—April.—Mr. Fitzgerald's hut-keeper, on the Big River, was killed, the hut was stripped, and on the arrival home of the other men, they also were attacked, but escaped, one having been speared through the leg, and another through the sleeve of his jacket."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Cobham apprehended these blacks with Mr. Finch's property in their possession."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ two men of Mr. Hall's

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1836.—In April, two men of Mr. Hall's were attacked (on the Big River) while splitting timber; one man was killed, and the other escaped with a spear in his leg."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1838, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12859902

▸ It

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It was all done deliberately; all perpetrated upon an organised plan of blood and murder."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ Mr. Faithful's men

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Where of the cowardly murder of Mr. Faithful's men?—Where of Mr. M'Kenzie's shepherds?"
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks in this instance had accepted the hospitality of the whites."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ The natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The natives then attacked the hut; Mr. Thomas Hall received a spear in the head."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ a company whom the murderers had taken under their protection

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was a murder not only done without cause, but committed upon friends; on a company whom the murderers had taken under their protection."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ a servant of Mr. Jamison's

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "-About the end of this year, a servant of Mr. Jamison's was murdered on the Namoi."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ a shepherd

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "No.] 1838.—Mr. Cruikshank, at New England, had a shepherd murdered in the bush; and when the body was found, sixty or seventy sheep were missing."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ all previous murders

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "This also distinguishes the present murder from all previous murders, whether of blacks or whites."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ all the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1.—If a list of all the blacks who have been killed, in quarrels with the whites could be obtained, we suspect that in lieu of only fifteen, it would prove to be ten fifteens."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Are all these outrages to be enveloped in obscurity—is all this guilt to be unavenged, and yet white men to be executed for slaying blacks, perhaps in self-defence, perhaps in retaliation for injuries previously sustained?"
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "2.—But whatever may be said of all other murders of the whites by blacks or of blacks by whites, we would not excuse or delay punishing the present murder, because it was not a slaying in retaliation or in revenge for other murders."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ seven murderers

Number of people: 7
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "No, in spite of the false and infidel principles of the Sydney Herald, which seems to pay no attention to the primæval command of God, let these seven murderers die the death they so richly deserve."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The following is a list of the Europeans murdered by the black natives since 1832, as stated by the Sydney Herald: ---Mr. Surveyor Finch had two men killed at Big River, while on duty with Major O'Hall."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "&c. The Herald insists that in consequence of these murders not having been avenged by the punishment of the blacks, the men lying under sentence of death for the slaughter of the Aborigines ought not to be executed."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "3.—In killings by the blacks, we never heard of them murdering white women, nor white children."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It says in commenting on the subject—Where, for instance, is there any notice in the report of all the whites who were murdered by the blacks at Liverpool Plains?"
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Cobham apprehended the blacks with Mr. Finch's property in their possession."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the bush

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "-November.—Two shepherds in the employ of Mr. Cobb, on the Big River, were murdered attending their sheep in the bush."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the other men

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "1838.—April.—Mr. Fitzgerald's hut-keeper, on the Big River, was killed, the hut was stripped, and on arrival home of the other men, they also were attacked, but escaped, one having been speared through the leg, and another through the sleeve of his jacket."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the storekeepers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "September.—Mr. George Bowman's hut (situated between the Namoi and Big River) was robbed while the storekeepers were out, and two keepers were killed."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the tribe to which these men, women and children belonged

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The murderers now in prison did not on the trial even plead any wrong or injuries they had received, either from the men, women and children they slaughtered, or from the tribe to which these men, women and children belonged."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the whole race of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "We are informed that Mr. Hobbs, one of the witnesses on the late trial, asserts, that it is rumoured at Liverpool Plains, and believed there, (himself being one of the believers,) that the massacre lately come to light and exposed to an astonished public, is the third of the same kind; that two former massacres preceded this; and that these last, being more domesticated, were at first intended to be let live; but success having attended the two first massacres, the murderers grew bold; and in order that their cattle might never more be rushed, it was resolved to exterminate the whole race of blacks in that quarter."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ their victims

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "6.—Conscious of their wickedness, they attempted to conceal it, by burning the bodies of their victims."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ their victims

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The murderers now in jail took their victims from their own door, weeping and crying for mercy; and they killed them by thrusting their swords into their bodies in cold blood."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ this foul and barbarous murder

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "By justice of this kind alone, can the guilt of this foul and barbarous murder be washed out, and the character of New South Wales vindicated as a British Colony."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ this murder

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "5.—The manner of this murder was most revolting and unpardonable."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ two men of Mr. Hall's

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1838-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "-In April, two men of Mr. Hall's were killed (on the Big River) while splitting timber; one was killed, and the other escaped with a wound in his leg."
Citation: [?] MONITOR & COMMERCIAL (1838, December 14). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 1 (MORNING : SUPPLEMENT TO THE SYDNEY MONITOR AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32162214

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-09
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "reward to any free man or a conditional pardon to any convict who may give such evidence as will lead to the apprehension and conviction of the blacks who murdered Mr. Cobb's shepherds."
Citation: COURT OF QUARTER SESSIONS. (1839, January 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722344
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722344

▸ a black native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-11
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It is worthy of attention, also, in so far as it will remind the native youth of the Colony, that when the Government entered upon its laudable endeavour to bring to trial, and, if guilty to hang, one of their countrymen, named Flemming, for the alleged killing of a black native—the reward offered for the capture of this native-born Colonist was £50 and a free pardon."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1839, January 11). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307

▸ a tribe of Aboriginal Natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-11
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Whereas it has been represented to his Excellency the GOVERNOR, that two Prisoners of the Crown, named Charles Walthall, per Susan, and John Davis, per Strathfieldsaye, employed as shepherds at the station of Mr. J. Cobb, on the Big River, were, at the early part of last month, murdered by a tribe of Aboriginal Natives, in that neighbourhood; Notice is hereby given, that a Reward of Twenty Pounds will be paid to any free person who may give such information as will lead to the apprehension and conviction of the Parties by whom the said murders were committed; or, if the informant be a Prisoner of the Crown, application will be made to her Majesty for her approbation and allowance of a Conditional Pardon to the said Prisoner of the Crown."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1839, January 11). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307

▸ black marauders

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-11
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We earnestly call upon the European Colonists, and upon the native born, to watch this proceeding, with respect to black marauders, who have committed murders of the most barbarous description, and destroyed property to an immense amount throughout the Colony."
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1839, January 11). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307

▸ the black murderers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-11
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This munificent reward, too, is to be given to any one who may give such information as will lead to the apprehension and conviction, &c, of the black murderers!"
Citation: The Sydney Herald. (1839, January 11). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12858307

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks are committing terrible devastation on the Nammoi and Gayden rivers, but there are so many reports in circulation, and I am afraid of the story of the gentleman who vomited three black crows which afterwards turned out to be something as black as a crow that I shall not repeat them."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ a black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I advised them to stop at their stations and act only on the defensive, as the Governor said he was determined to hang any person who was found guilty of killing a black; they said it was useless two or three trying to defend themselves against two or three hundred."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ one of the men

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The woman's daughter overheard the boy name one of the men (Mrs. Harper's) which she stated on the inquest, and on being taxed with the murder he said two men had given him some money, tobacco, &c., which he had planted; and his clothes which he was known to have worn on the day of the murder were discovered hid under a log in a water hole; there were also spots of blood on the other men's trousers."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I don't know when I shall be down; you have no doubt heard of the murder of Mr. Cobb's men by the Blacks, I hear he has lost about a thousand sheep, and nearly all his working bullocks,— I really pity poor Cobb, this is not the first loss he has sustained by these black wretches; I am afraid to come down, for if I was not here I don't think the men would go out with the sheep at all, they are so much frightened, and I do all I possibly can to allay their fears."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black boy who stops at the lower station, tells me the blacks say the Governor won't hurt them, they may do what they like, but if the white men shoot them, the white men will manCurry Jong (be hanged) which taunt I understand is used very freely by the blacks."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I think we had better not think of moving the cattle until the times alter, if we cannot get any fat cattle where they are, perhaps we can keep what we have got, and that is more than we can do if we bring them here; those persons who had cattle here cannot muster more than one-fifth of what they brought, God only knows where they are gone to, they are so frightened of the blacks that they run themselves almost to death."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They say if the Government does not send protection shortly they will turn out in a body and scour the blacks, for it is better for them to run the chance of being taken to Sydney and hanged, than to stay where they are sure to be butchered."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the murder at Black Creek on a woman and her son

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Australian was in error when it stated that the murder at Black Creek on a woman and her son was done by soldiers."
Citation: THE HARMLESS, INTERESTING, AND INNOCENT BLACKS: (1839, January 12). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226453868

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-01-22
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On Tuesday morning, at nine o'clock, Kilmaister, Hawkins, John-son, Parry, Foley, Oates, and Russell, the seven men convicted of the murder of the blacks at Liverpool Plains, underwent the last penalty of the law at the rear of the goal."
Citation: Sydney Intelligence. (1839, January 22). Colonial Times (Hobart, Tas. : 1828 - 1857), p. 6. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8749353
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8749353

▸ some blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-13
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Yesterday morning he and his party started down the river in pursuit of some blacks who, it appears, had renewed their depredations there."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 13). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-13
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks know this very well ; and accordingly they have within the last few weeks declared that they are protected by the Cabon Guberner and by Bugery Mr. Day in waging a war of extermination not only against the sheep and cattle, but also against all the white men on the Big River."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 13). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-13
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He does not find it necessary to travel like —— with a couple of milch cows at his heels ; and I feel equally assured that if in his pursuit of the blacks he should be driven to the necessity of issuing to his men the command of blaze away on them, my lads, he himself will never be found skulking behind under pretence of guarding the baggage."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 13). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545

▸ their tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-13
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They are accordingly discharged, and after a pleasant trip to Sydney, sent back to their tribe with a present of some blankets and tomahawks, and, of course, a virtual, though not expressed, permission to renew their depredation."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 13). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545

▸ them

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-13
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "If the government had first done its duty by stationing an adequate force on the Gwydir, when the blacks became troublesome in that district, the horrible massacre which was perpetrated on them, and the subsequent execution of the seven stockmen in Sydney might have been all prevented."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 13). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722545

▸ A large party of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A large party of blacks rushed out of the scrub near a sheep station on the Gwyder where some men who were splitting slabs but fortunately made their escape without having sustained any injury."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ A large party of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Two or three days later a large party of blacks came to the same station and said they wanted to make friends."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ The Peel blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They remained a few days without committing any violence, and stated that the Peel blacks who had seen the Police pass, brought them word that they, in all probability, bearing in mind the dressing they got, at not a very remote place from the Police when Major Nunn was in the district, came to try and make friends."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ an aboriginal native named Davy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At the opening of the Court yesterday morning James Lamb, Charles Thoulouse, and G Palliser, were put to the bar, when the Attorney-General addressing the Chief Justice said it would be in the recollection of the Court that at the close of the last Session he applied for the postponement of the trial of these prisoners and another man named Blake, on affidavits forth that an aboriginal native named Davy [was a] material and necessary witness."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ having been speared

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A few weeks ago several bullocks were found dead — having been speared at Mr Glennie's run at the Gwyder and at the station not very far distant no less than three horses were killed within a very brief period of time."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Police subsequently went in pursuit of the blacks, but did not succeed in coming up with them."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-15
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "But there is no dependence to be placed upon them, for the very time this tribe was making professions of amity, another was committing depredations, spearing cattle and horses—at several stations down the river."
Citation: THE BLACKS. (1839, February 15). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856217

▸ the Gwydir blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I admit that it is only dire necessity that would justify the adoption of the former alternative—but as we are determined to retain possession of the country, there does exist the necessity of shooting the ringleaders among the Gwydir blacks."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "For the apprehension and conviction of Fleming, who is supposed to have shot some blacks, the Government offers a reward of 50l, while for the apprehension and conviction of the blacks who murdered Mr. Cobb's shepherds, the Government offers a reward of only 20l."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I also rode with him to the place where numbers of Mr. Glennie's cattle, and some of my own were lying speared by the blacks, who seemed to have been instigated to the commission of such deeds purely by a spirit of revenge and wanton cruelty, for they took away no part of the carcasses, except that in a few cases they cut off the fat from the kidneys."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When I quote these instances of the doings or rather misdoings of the blacks, and when I recommend as in my opinion the only means of checking such aggressions, to arm Mr. Mayne with greater powers than he seems now to possess, think not, Sir, that I belong to the party of those who would throw the shield of protection over the men who lately expiated on the gibbet for the part they acted in the horrible massacre at Dangar's station, or that I advocate the waging of an indiscriminate warfare on the swarthy inhabitants of Liverpool Plains."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I lately accompanied him to the spot where Mr. Cobb's 4 or 500 young ewes were lying dead in one heap, having been all speared by the blacks."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ these fellows

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-16
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "As a proof of the deep policy of these fellows, I may mention to you that they have now turned their attention towards spearing the horses, as by destroying them they expect to be able more effectually to elude their pursuers."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, February 16). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722571

▸ the tribe of friendly domesticated blacks at Dangar's

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-02-25
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "For the cool deliberate murder of the tribe of friendly domesticated blacks at Dangar's, by the men who lately suffered death, they must naturally feel disposed to exercise every species of revenge in their power."
Citation: BLACKS VERSUS WHITES. (1839, February 25). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 6 (MORNING). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32163016
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32163016

▸ six or seven blacks

Number of people: 7
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I have lately returned from the Gwydir, where Mr. Mayne, the Commissioner, formed a party of five mounted policemen and six gentlemen, besides himself, to go in pursuit of the blacks, who were reported as being troublesome in that neighbourhood; he returned, however, without coming in contact with any; and in the mean time, a man of the name of Kelly, stockman to Mr. Bell, having gone out in search of cattle, fell in with six or seven blacks, whom he induced to accompany him to my station, when Kelly and I agreed to go with them, unarmed, as guides to conduct us to their camp, which was situated at the distance of four or five miles from my hut; when we arrived at the camp, those six or seven blacks having given the signal, called out about eighteen or twenty of their tribe, the greater part of whom we conducted to our hut, where we entertained them with a good dinner; one of those blacks I carried naked behind myself on horseback to Mr. Mayne, who made him some presents; after which, we had no difficulty in getting them to come to us in large numbers; although previous to that time, many white men had been residing for two years on the Gwydir, and had never seen a black man."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I think that the present force or establishment with the Commissioner in the Liverpool Plains District is sufficient for the purpose required; I am of opinion, that if such an establishment had been in advance, to mediate between the Blacks and the Whites, all the unfortunate events which have occurred, might have been prevented; so much bad feeling had arisen out of these occurrences, that much more difficulty will now be experienced in establishing a good feeling—but I think by judicious management it may be still effected; with just, kind, and considerate treatment, the Blacks are easily conciliated, which I can say from personal experience."
Citation: THE SQUATTING ACT. (1839, March 9). Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226456194
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226456194

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I do not think that, under the present circumstances, any force is required in the Wellington district to keep the blacks in order; I have never heard of a single outrage being committed by them."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I have missed two hundred head of cattle, of which seventy-three were found speared or killed by the blacks."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I am acquainted with the Port Phillip district; and I know the blacks to be hostile to the whites; they speared several of my sheep at different times, altogether about fifty, and on one occasion, murdered one of my shepherds."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I also accompanied Mr. Mayne to see many cattle which had been speared by the blacks, who had left the carcases untouched, except that they had eaten the fat from the kidneys; which is an additional proof that they were not in want of sustenance when they committed such acts."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I accompanied Mr. Mayne to the place where four or five hundred of Mr. Cobb's sheep had been wantonly slaughtered, no part of them having been carried away by the blacks; affording a clear proof that they were not instigated to this act by hunger."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I can assign no satisfactory reason for the hostility of the blacks, for they were, to my knowledge, well treated at Mr. Bowman's and Mr. Cobb's stations; having been supplied with brass plates, tomahawks, and food; notwithstanding which, they watched an opportunity, and murdered the hut-keepers at both stations."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I think that the present force or establishment with the Commissioner in the Liverpool Plains District, is sufficient for the purpose required: I am of opinion that if such an establishment had been in advance, to mediate between the blacks and the whites, all the unfortunate events which have occurred might have been prevented; so much bad feeling has arisen out of those occurrences, that much more difficulty will now be experienced in establishing a good feeling; but I think by judicious management it may still be effected; with just, kind, and considerate treatment, the blacks are easily conciliated, which I can say from personal experience."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "By a letter which I lately received from my brother, I learn that the blacks have again made their appearance in large bodies, as many as three hundred having been seen together; they refused to move or disperse, but on the appearance of one mounted policeman, they immediately disappeared."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the native blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I could never learn that any provocation was given to the native blacks who murdered eight of my men; I think they were distressed for food from the scarcity of kangaroos, and in consequence, tempted to seize the flour."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the native blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I have heard that from four to five hundred of the native blacks (unaccompanied by females) have been seen in one body in that district; I have, however, never myself seen more than one hundred blacks together; but I have not been on the Gwydir, to where they are most numerous."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ the whites

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I consider them as hostile to the whites, and I know of fifteen or sixteen murders having been committed on white men within two years and a half."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ their

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Their vicinity, however, was plainly marked by their spearing of cattle, and their places of encampment."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ their depredations

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They also commit outrages on stock; I was the first person who had a station on the Gwydir, and have suffered severely from their depredations."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "At first they consumed the flesh, but lately they have destroyed it, taking away the fat only; they also speared fourteen of my sheep; but my neighbour, Mr. Cobb, has lost upwards of nine hundred sheep by their acts."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-03-09
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Since that occurrence, and within the last month, they carried off one of my brother's shepherds, and kept him for several days, after stripping him of all his clothes."
Citation: Colonial Statistics. (1839, March 9). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 4. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31722693

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks took their two horses and possessed themselves of two muskets, three pistols, and plenty of ammunition, together with every thing that was moveable in the poor fellows' hut."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ The savages

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The savages do not appear to be the least intimidated, but have sent word that it is their intention to come and murder all the whites."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ a lot of the brutes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "My brother and his men fell in with a lot of the brutes as he termed them, and attempted to take some prisoners, in doing which he narrowly escaped being speared."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ the black cannibals

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Hector and Brown's men have been murdered by the black cannibals a week prior to the date of his letter; he and his men were out several days in quest of the murdered men - part of the skull (literally smashed) some ribs and the bones of the legs were found, and they have every reason to suppose that their flesh has been eaten."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The great good resulting from Mr Mayne's appointment has not yet shown itself, to be sure he has busied himself a little to discover the murderers of some of his friends the blacks, and some whites sent down by him are in Muscle Brook Lock-up on suspicion, but we hear of no attempts being made to discover who murdered the whites — Mr Cobb's men appear to be quite forgotten."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is supposed that some bushrangers are out with the blacks at Waterloo Creek, and that it is they who are instigating the blacks to act so boldly."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856027

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two stockmen belonging to Mr. Hector and Mr. Brown, who have a station for cattle a little distance from mine, have been killed by the blacks, the body of one man has been found some distance from the hut, sadly mutilated, but the other cannot be found, the blacks took away a considerable quantity of property, then set fire to the hut, and took two horses with them."
Citation: DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. (1839, April 8). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856008
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12856008

▸ the Blacks

Number of people: 9
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-04-11
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The present massacre differs from the former in atrocity in so far as it does not seem that the victims were butchered in cold blood; the murderers, it appears, had gone out in search of the Blacks, and succeeded in finding nine of the unfortunate wretches, who, apprehensive of the fate which awaited them, attempted to defend their lives, but were overpowered and slain."
Citation: Another Black Massacre. (1839, April 11). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2552027
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2552027

▸ a black girl

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-05-22
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "For several months past, two men and a black girl have been on the road between the Peel and the Namoi, robbing huts and taking people's horses."
Citation: ACCIDENTS, OFFENCES, &c (1839, May 22). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846

▸ about fifty

Number of people: 50
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-05-22
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The day before I left, about fifty came to one of my sheep stations, all armed with spears, boomerangs, and waddies, but fortunately I had several men there drafting sheep; and after looking for some time, they put down their spears and came to the hut, if the watch had been alone they would have killed him, because he would not give them all the meat and flour he had in the hut the night before."
Citation: ACCIDENTS, OFFENCES, &c (1839, May 22). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846

▸ five black prisoners

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-05-22
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Mayne is on his way to Sydney with five black prisoners, I hope he will not be long away, for he has certainly done something towards quieting the blacks, and I am afraid they may break out again in his absence."
Citation: ACCIDENTS, OFFENCES, &c (1839, May 22). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846

▸ five men that Mr. Mayne has taken down

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-05-22
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The five men that Mr. Mayne has taken down are from a different tribe from those that have been committing the depredations on the Gwyder."
Citation: ACCIDENTS, OFFENCES, &c (1839, May 22). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846

▸ the live blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-05-22
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We shall soon see how the Attorney-General will act with the live blacks that Mr. Mayne has taken down."
Citation: ACCIDENTS, OFFENCES, &c (1839, May 22). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12861846

▸ The Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Blacks are again very troublesome to the shepherds, they steal their rations, and when remonstrated with, threaten the lives of our men, and we have no assistance—there are only two policemen down this river, and they do not come this way at all."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ a set of desperate freebooters

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Are we quietly to submit to have our cattle speared, our huts burnt, and our servants murdered by a set of desperate freebooters?"
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ every black

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "And I confess that I can see no other way of curbing these rebels, but by granting permission to every hut keeper, shepherd, and stockman, situated beyond the limits of the colony, to shoulder their muskets, and shoot every black that may be detected in the act of either spearing cattle, setting fire to our huts, or threatening the lives of our servants."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A few days ago the blacks, because they were not allowed to carry away such articles of property as they coveted, endeavoured to set fire to Captain Mayne's hut; and they have threatened to take the life of Mr Mackenzie's overseer, because he refused to give them as much flour as they wanted."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ those blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He is now unavoidably detained in Sydney, waiting the issue of the trial of those blacks recently brought down accused of the murder of some white men."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ those five blacks

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We shall see whether, in the event of the guilt of those five blacks being clearly established, any of the authorities will attempt, by means of some technical objection or legal quibble, to defeat the ends of justice by preventing the law from taking its due course."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ those five blacks

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-06-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The public are anxiously waiting the result of the forthcoming trial of those five blacks who are now in Sydney gaol for the murder at Liverpool Plains."
Citation: Original Correspondence. (1839, June 1). The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31723153

▸ Annidilly and Wollorri

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners, through their interpreter, stated that they received the muskets from two blacks named Annidilly and Wollorri, who also gave them the blankets."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ Mary Ann, the aboriginal native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mary Ann, the aboriginal native, not guilty."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ The black girl

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black girl, who was sixteen or eighteen years of age drove the horses, but took no further active part with the prisoners."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ an Aboriginal native, named Mary Ann

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Richard Young was indicted for shooting with a musket, with intent to murder Joseph Fleming at the Big River, on the 20th of May last, and William Allen, John Rose, alias Henry Ellis, Thomas Spencer, and an Aboriginal native, named Mary Ann, were charged with aiding and abetting."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ five aborigines

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Rather an extraordinary circumstance came out on the trial of the five aborigines for the robbery at the Namoi River, on Thursday."
Citation: No title (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862670
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862670

▸ some person

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He immediately rode away to the nearest station, reported the circumstance and obtained assistance, with which he returned to the hut, and he then found that his conjectures had been correct, as the articles he had seen hanging up in the hut when he first went had been removed during his absence by some person who must have been lying in ambush near the spot."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In consequence of this he did not dismount from his horse, thinking that the blacks might be concealed in the bush to surprise him, but he looked into the hut, saw everything in disorder, and observed a spur, a whip, and some other small articles hanging up."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was always difficult to identify the blacks from the great similarity of their features, but when they are identified as, in this case, they were satisfactorily, the law must take its course, and he hoped, if the prisoners were found guilty that their punishment would have a salutary effect upon the tribes of blacks and put a stop to the aggressions which were generally attributed to them."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A man named John Huggart, who had been a long time resident amongst the blacks, and who appeared to be perfectly conversant with their language was sworn in as interpreter, and explained the nature of the indictment to the prisoners, who severally pleaded not guilty, and selected a civil jury, stating that they did not like the soldiers."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He felt it due to Mr Mayne, to state, that it was entirely owing to that gentleman's activity and good management that the prisoners had been apprehended, which had always been a matter of great difficulty in consequence of the facility of escape which the blacks had over the white people."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The property being found on the persons of the blacks, was clear evidence that they were concerned in the robbery; but there is also strong presumptive evidence that some white men were at the hut at some time, and helped themselves to the horses and saddles, as the tribe to the number of seven hundred were collected by Mr Mayne, by whose instrumentality the property was discovered, and who certainly would have become acquainted with the fact, if the horses had been taken by them."
Citation: No title (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862670
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862670

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Messrs Hector and Brown had had stock and sheep stations at Liverpool Plains where the blacks had been in association with the whites, and in consequence of those gentlemen having made large purchases of stock, it was found necessary to establish stations further in the interior."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "For this purpose the men proceeded to a place between the Namoi and Gwyder rivers, where they were well received by the blacks who evinced the most friendly disposition towards them, and assisted to build their huts by stripping bark from the trees."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "About the 15th or 16th of March it was necessary for one of the men to go to the head station for supplies of meat and other things, and at the time this man, named Taylor, started, he observed that there was a marked alteration in the disposition of the blacks, but did not take much notice of it and started off leaving two shepherds and the prisoners at the station."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "No trace of the horses, bridle and saddles which were lost, had been found to this day; witness heard that there were bushrangers out to the northward and eastward of this station, who had committed several depredations, but he never heard that they were mounted; witness had since sent cattle up to that station, but they did not do well as he thought, because they were frightened away by the blacks, to whom they had an antipathy."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the men

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He returned on the 17th of March, and on arriving at the hut, he observed, that it was deserted, and presented the appearance of having been plundered; and he also observed two hats belonging to the shepherds lying at the door, which made him conjecture that the men had been murdered."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Court re-opened at one o'clock, and Alexander Taylor, the stockman, who was from the new station where the robbery was said to have been committed, to the old to fetch supplies, leaving the prisoners and the two shepherds together, was called and gave evidence which corresponded exactly with the Attorney-General's opening speech, with the addition that the bones found about forty rod from the hut were naked, putrid, and broken to pieces; the skull had several wounds on it, and a hole on the forehead, evidently done with a spear; the bones were quite green and apparently newly stripped of the flesh; the thigh bones were broken and the marrow taken out; two saddles and two bridles which were hanging up in the hut were also taken, and two horses were missing; he was of opinion that the men had been murdered, as they would not have left their clothes behind them if they had run away; there were plenty of black people's tracks about the hut and signs of scuffling on the ground; those missing and supposed to have been murdered wore boots, and there was no tracks of boots among those of the naked feet of the blacks; witness believed the skull to be that of one of the white men, in consequence of the formation of the teeth which are totally dissimilar to black people's teeth; there were twenty or thirty black women amongst the tribe and some of them went to the hut but were never admitted to the witness's knowledge; the place the hut was erected, was the usual place of the residence for the prisoner, who continued there on the lower part of the creek with the rest of the tribe constantly; there were from fifty to sixty blacks, and they had all gone away when I returned from the other station; the station was about two hundred miles beyond the boundaries."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The indictment charged the prisoners with stealing two carbines, three pistols, wearing apparel, seven blankets, a quantity of flour, and other articles to the value of £5, the property of John Brown, John Hector, and John Trimmer, at the Gwyder river on the 16th of March last."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Attorney-General addressed the jury and said, that although the prisoners were placed at the bar to answer the charge of stealing to the amount of £5, there were other circumstances connected with the case which would have to be stated, but which were not to prejudice the jury against the prisoners in the consideration of the present indictment."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Most of the prisoners could speak and understand English well, and had had constant intercourse with white men, and they had made no secret of the articles found upon their persons, when captured, belonging to the shepherds who had been left with them at the hut while Taylor left."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Haggatt, the interpreter, examined by Mr Windeyer — I am produced at the instance of Mr Mayne and not at the instance of the prisoners; I can make them acquainted with the nature of the charge preferred against them, but I could not communicate every question that may be asked; I come a great distance from the prisoners, as their language is in some things the same as that I learned; I have not been accustomed to converse with the natives of their part of the country; when first I conversed with the prisoners, I asked them if they understood me and they said, they did a little; I could understand some natives of their part of the country although not all; the prisoners talk the Comleroi dialect which is spoken in a great extent of this country, but it varies in different parts; I am a Scotchman and their language varies as much as broad Scotch and English; I do not speak the native language perfectly, nor do I understand the prisoners perfectly; I would not like to swear to a whole conversation of theirs; I can undertake to swear that I know the term in that language which indicates robbery; I cannot converse with the prisoners as well as I can with the natives of my own part, and I cannot converse with them perfectly."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ the tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-17
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Although not a regular appointed protector, which is a special appointment; when he went up to Liverpool Plains in February last, he found the district greatly disturbed in consequence of an outrage committed on two of Mr Cobb's men; had heard of the outrage on Mr Brown's men, but received no official report until the 23d March; witness succeeded in conciliating the blacks, and at the time the report was made by Mr Macdonald, between six and seven hundred of the tribe to which the prisoners belonged, were with him, two or seven of which had blankets; which was a suspicious circumstance, as none then had been issued in the district; the blankets, muskets and pistols, were given up to the witness; the prisoners were captured a fortnight after the property was given up, which happened in consequence of witness not being able to mature his plans sooner; witness arrested the prisoners on the information of their own tribe who pointed them out as the men who had committed the robbery, and on Mr Macdonald's deposition on which witness issued a warrant; witness was present when Taylor's deposition was taken before Mr Day, and the deposition was not read over to them, nor was there any interpreter sworn to communicate the nature of it to them, so that they might make a defence to the charge; witness thought that he had forwarded Mr Macdonald's deposition to the Attorney General before he issued the warrant; no communication was made with the prisoners, except through a black named Georgy, who interpreted between them."
Citation: LAW. (1839, August 17). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36862666

▸ A black named Georgy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A black named Georgy was Mr. Maine's interpreter, who spoke first to the prisoners."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ Five aboriginal natives of the Namoi and Big River tribes, named Sandy, Billy, Jemmy, Cooper, and King Jackey

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Five aboriginal natives of the Namoi and Big River tribes, named Sandy, Billy, Jemmy, Cooper, and King Jackey, were indicted for stealing from the dwelling-house of John Brown, John Hector, and Edward Trimmer, situate between the Namoi and Gwydir Rivers, on the 16th of March last, 1 waistcoat, 2 carbines, 3 pistols, 7 blankets, a quantity of gunpowder and bullets, and flour, the property of the said John Brown, John Hector, and Edmund Trimmer, of the value of £5."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ Jockey, Sandy, Billy, and Cooper

Number of people: 4
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He seemed on good terms at Hobler's—they called him a wild black—he was the only one that accompanied us to the station; when we got there, five other blacks come (Jockey, Sandy, Billy, and Cooper); on the following morning, while we were at breakfast, a native called Tallboy was the fifth; these are names we gave them; Jackey was the king of the tribe; they showed friendship to us, and sat down talking in their own language; they brought wood and water; we gave them some tobacco, and bread and meat; what we could spare in order to keep them quiet; they were unarmed when they came; they assisted us in making the hut, by carrying the saplings in; we had in the hut five stand of arms, 2 cut down muskets, 3 pistols, 2½ cannisters of gunpowder, 60 musket balls, and some buck shot, about 28lbs."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ Paddy Mahy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoner Rose called Paddy Mahy, assigned to Mr. Smith, butcher, employed at a station on the Big River; deposed, that he knew all the prisoners at the bar; he also knew the prisoner Rose; the prisoner came to the station and represented himself as a ticket-of-leave man, but soldiers come to Big River and he bolt; His Honor said this evidence could not do much good."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ Sandy, Jemmy, Billy, Cooper, and King Jackey, aboriginal natives

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Sandy, Jemmy, Billy, Cooper, and King Jackey, aboriginal natives, were placed at the dock, charged with a robbery committed at a station between the Namoi and the Gwydir Rivers."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ The black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black natives were seldom brought before a Court of Justice in this colony, although there were many reports of crimes and depredations committed by them, whether as aggressors or defenders of their rights it was not easy at all to discover, but these reports ought not to weigh with the Jury against the prisoners now at the bar."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ The black woman

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black woman was away with the man Rose looking for the horses when they first discovered the party; they came up together, and then the firing commenced; the black gin is about seventeen or eighteen years of age, and speaks and understands English perfectly."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, among whom were the prisoners, received the men in a very friendly manner and assisted them in stripping bark."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks received them well, stripped bark to build their huts, and evinced every possible friendly disposition towards them."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ The prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners are indicted for stealing from a dwelling-house above the value of £5, which subjects them to a greater punishment than if the articles stolen did not come up to that value."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ These five blacks

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "These five blacks remained about the place more than any of the others; they used sometimes to get small quantities of bread and meat."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ a black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I had an interpreter (a black) with me."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ a black aboriginal native woman

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Richard Young was charged with shooting at Joseph Fleming, with a musket, with intent to murder him, on the 25th of May last, at the Big River, and William Allen, John Rose, alias Henry Ellis, Thomas Spencer, and a black aboriginal native woman, with aiding and abetting him."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ a black gin

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Fleming, being called, deposed that he was one of the party who went in pursuit of the gang of bushrangers, who had been reported as committing great depredations in his neighbourhood, it was reported that they had a black gin with them, who carried their arms."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ all the wild tribes of the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the 22nd March Mr. Mayne heard of Mr. Brown's men being missing; Mr. Mayne proceeded up this river; he was then engaged in collecting all the wild tribes of the blacks for the purpose of making them fully aware of the inevitable consequences which would follow a continuance of their outrages."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ five aboriginal natives

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Attorney General stated that he had placed an information upon the file against five aboriginal natives charged with robbery, and he had an interpreter in attendance."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ nine or ten more black fellows

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There might be nine or ten more black fellows together with the five prisoners and two others."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ the black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Edward Maine, called and sworn—I am Commissioner of Crown Lands at Liverpool Plains, and also a Magistrate, and I also hold the office of Protector of the black natives."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ the black woman

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoner Rose and the black woman were out looking for horses, and after the party had been watching the hut several hours, they came up with some horses."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the black woman

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Rose and the black woman who were both on horseback galloped to the back of the hut and remained about four hundred yards off until a slab was cut away at the back of the hut, and Rose and the woman got into the hut that way."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the black woman's horse

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A man was then sent round to see that the people did not get away, but before he could get round Allen got on the black woman's horse and rode away."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Sergeant Anderson of the mounted police, deposed — that in March last, he was stationed with Mr. Mayne, on the Big River, above Liverpool Plains; he apprehended the prisoners with the assistance of Mr. Ogleby, and Mr. Mayne and his men; they were taken near Mr. Fitzgerald's station at a place called Walker's Creek, about one hundred and fifty miles from where the robbery was committed; the witness identified the firearms, one carbine was given him by the prisoner Billy, and another by Cooper; the rest of the property was also given up by the blacks."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When the blacks were taken, they at once admitted that these articles did belong to the hut."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Some of the blankets were given to the blacks who were naked, to cover them; he could however swear to the bag in which the blankets were produced; after the prisoners were ironed, the blankets were given to those blacks who had assisted in taking them; when Billy gave up the muskets he said, this tumble down two white fellow, not we."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He was afraid the blacks might only be watching to surprise him and rode off to obtain assistance, with which he returned to the hut and found that his conjectures had been well founded, as the articles which were hanging in the hut when he looked in had been removed during his absence by some one who must necessarily have been concealed near the spot."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A great deal of good has been done in this part of the country by Dr Mayne the Commissioner of Crown Lands, through whose instrumentality, peace was restored between the blacks and whites—for up to the time that he went there they were at open war."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the blacks

Number of people: 500
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From the evidence of Mr. Commissioner Mayne and Sergeant Anderson, it appeared that a rumour of the murder having been spread; they went to the blacks who were assembled to the number of five or six hundred, and through an interpreter got them to deliver up the property which came from the hut."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He detailed the circumstances which were stated by the Attorney-General, and identified the prisoners; the skull which was found about forty rods from the hut, he believed to have been a whiteman's, from its form and from the teeth, which are different in the white and the blacks; there were also several wounds which looked like spear wounds; the bones were quite green and newly stripped of the flesh; there were tracks of black people about, and also marks of a scuffle on the ground."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They brought six or seven blankets of a similar description to those stolen, and one of them had on a waistcoat like that worn by one of the men, who are supposed to have been murdered; two of the prisoners brought a carbine each which they gave to the Sergeant, saying tumble down white fellow, but it could not distinctly be understood whether they meant that the guns had killed white men, or that they, (the blacks) had killed white men."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. William M'Donald, superintendent to the Clover-leaf Company (so called from their brand resembling a clover-leaf; the company was a common partnership, consisting of Mr. John Brown, Mr. Hector, and Mr. Edmund Trimmer), deposed — that he determined on forming a new station, and went on to detail the facts already stated; Mr. M'Donald went on to say that Taylor came for provisions and afterwards returned and reported the murder; Mr. M'Donald went and found the hut deserted, and all the property taken; the men had two carbines, and three or four pistols, and a quantity of ammunition issued out to them before they went, and some clothing; Mr. M'Donald identified a waistcoat found with the blacks as the property of one of the missing men; on being examined as to the value of the property Mr. M'Donald could not state it; Mr. M'Donald has only been in the colony seven months, and has always been accustomed to sheep farming and agriculture; the missing men were very steady characters and not likely to run away; Mr. M'Donald said that he was no anatomist, but the skull was fractured, and all the long bones were broken and had been completely scooped."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On cross-examination Mr. M'Donald stated that the prisoners were not present when the depositions were taken; two horses had been lost and a saddle and two bridles but they had never been heard of since; there were mounted bushrangers to the eastward of the stations since this affair; they have been committing depredations in that direction, cattle have been sent to the station since, but they have not done well; Mr. M'Donald suspected they were harassed by the blacks."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Before this man, Taylor, went he observed that a change had come over the blacks; there was positive indication of change in their disposition, but as they did not proceed to actions he took no notice of it but left the station with two shepherds and the prisoners now at the bar."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Fearing that the blacks might be concealed, he did not dismount, but looked into the hut and saw that everything was disordered."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the blacks and whites

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I found the upper part of the District in great disorder when I went up in January, between the blacks and whites."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ the five prisoners, and two more black men

Number of people: 7
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the 24th I got seven blankets, powder and balls from the five prisoners, and two more black men."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When he returned to the hut on the 17th, he observed that the door was closed, and saw two hats lying together outside; this made him suspect that something was wrong, and without dismounting he rode up to the hut, and looking in, he saw everything in disorder, as if the place had been plundered; his impression was that the men had been murdered by the natives, and he would not dismount for fear any of them should be in ambush, but rode off to the nearest station for assistance."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The evidence taken before the magistrates against the prisoners was not interpreted to them; if the natives had chosen they might have kept the property, there was not a sufficient force to apprehend them openly."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the natives named by the prisoner

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "His Honor the Chief Justice asked the first witness Taylor, if any other black men were in the habit of coming to the hut, or if he knew the natives named by the prisoner?"
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the natives of their tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The depositions of Mr. M'Donald were taken in the absence of the prisoners; it was on those depositions they were arrested; they were not read over to them afterwards; these men were pointed out by the natives of their tribe; there was no other sworn deposition (than Mr. M'Donald's); they were taken upon [a] warrant issued on that information; they were taken before Mr. Day; Mr. M'Donald's deposition was not read to them; Taylor's deposition was not read or explained to them; there was no interpreter sworn in to enable them to make a defence; there were no depositions taken from those of their tribe who had pointed them out; this is not the first opportunity they had of clearing them from this charge through Georgy (Mr. Mayne's interpreter.)"
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the parties who committed the robbery and the murder

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "When he first looked into the hut, Taylor saw a spur and stock whip, and when he returned with other men he observed that these articles were gone which clearly showed that the parties who committed the robbery and the murder were not far distant."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This shows that the prisoners must have been connected with the robbery, as in law, persons with whom, immediately after a robbery, stolen property is found, are considered guilty until they show themselves to be otherwise."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A man named Haggait, long a resident amongst the natives, and fully conversant with their language, was sworn in as interpreter, and the prisoners on being arraigned severally pleaded not guilty, and chose a Civil Jury, saying they did not like the soldiers."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The indictment charged the prisoners with stealing two carbines, three pistols, wearing apparel, blankets, flour, and a quantity of other articles, the value of which was laid at 5l., the property of John Brown, John Hector, and Edmund Trimmer, at the Gwydir River, on the 16th of March last."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He said, that although the prisoners were now placed at the bar charged only with stealing property to the amount of 5l., there were other circumstances connected with the case which must be stated, but at the same time must not be allowed to prejudice the prisoners in the consideration, by the Jury of the present offence as laid in the indictment."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A few days afterwards the report of the murder having taken place was ascertained to be correct and the property identified, upon which Mr. Mayne issued his warrant and the prisoners were decoyed into his tent and apprehended."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He said, I am here at the instance of Mr. Mayne, and not at the request of the prisoners; I can make them acquainted with what is said against them, but I may not be able to communicate every question that is put: I come from a great distance from the prisoners, but the language is mostly the same; when I first conversed with the prisoners I [found] they understood me, they said they did a little; I would understand some of the natives of their part of the country, but not all they said; they speak the Comleroi dialect, which is spoken in the greater part of their country, but it is varied in some parts."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I am a Scotchman; their language varies as much as broad Scotch and English; I do not speak the native language perfectly, nor do I understand the prisoners perfectly; I can undertake to swear that I know the terms in their language which indicates robbery; I cannot converse with the prisoners as with the natives of my own part, and I cannot converse with them perfectly."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The property was laid in the information as the property of certain parties, but the only portion of that property which had been identified was the muskets, and as the information laid the property stolen to be worth 5l., for which, if found guilty, the prisoners would be liable to be transported for fifteen years, but as no proof had been brought forward of this value, the information must fail in both counts as to the most serious part of the charge at all events."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The first count charged the prisoners with stealing in a dwelling house to the amount of 5l, and second with felony."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The interpreter was then sworn well and truly to interpret between the Queen and the prisoners, according to the best of his skill and knowledge."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners were then indicted by the names of Sandy, Billy, Jemmy, Cooper and King Jack, for stealing one waistcoat, the property of the Queen, two carbines, three pistols, seven blankets, one waistcoat, a quantity of gunpowder, six bullets, and a quantity of flour, the property of John Brown, John Hector and Edward Turner, from their dwelling-house at the new station, between the Gwydir and Namoi Rivers, on the 16th March."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He said the prisoners, as you have heard, are charged with stealing from a dwelling-house above the value of £5, but the indictment does not inform you of the entire charge against the prisoners, and I shall now state that charge to you without making any observations that may be calculated to prejudice the prisoners."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When Taylor left the hut, there were some pistols, carbines, flour, and other articles in the hut, which were gone upon his return, and the articles were found upon the prisoners, when they were apprehended, and a waistcoat belonging to one of the men was found upon one of the prisoners."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ the tribe

Number of people: 20
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "(The witness was closely examined by the Chief Justice as to whether any quarrel had arisen in consequence of the women, of whom there were about twenty with the tribe.)"
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the whites and blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Attorney-General felt that it was due to Mr. Mayne to state that it was entirely owing to his exertions that the whites and blacks were on the terms of reciprocal friendship which now existed amongst them."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ the wild tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I was then getting the wild tribes in, and establishing a friendly intercourse."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The place where the hut was settled was the usual residence of these blacks, at least they said so; there were between fifty and sixty blacks; they had never asked for provisions but the stockmen had given them some occasionally; the prisoner Jemmy guided the stockmen there; they asked where there was water, and he said he knew plenty; Jemmy had been stopping at Mr. Gobbler's; the station is about one hundred miles beyond the boundary."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was difficult for the common observer or one who was not acquainted and in the daily habit of seeing these blacks to distinguish and identify them, but when identified the law must take its course, and if these men were found guilty, the punishment they would undergo would doubtless be communicated to their tribes, and the effect he (the Attorney-General) trusted would be efficient in preventing the future commission of crime such as had hitherto been complained of."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ this tribe

Number of people: 500
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At this time some five or six hundred of the tribe to which the prisoners belonged were encamped with Mr. Mayne; he had suspicions amounting almost to certainty that a murder had been committed by this tribe; when Mr. M'Donald made the report, Mr. Mayne caused an enquiry to be made amongst the tribe relative to some blankets and other property which some of the blacks had, and which Mr. Mayne knew had never been issued to them; Mr. Mayne employed his interpreter to communicate with the blacks; a fortnight intervened before Mr. Mayne could mature his plans so as to take the prisoners."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ this tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I saw this tribe with blankets, and set on foot an enquiry to ascertain how they came by them."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ those who had stood over him and his servants

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Everitt was called to identify some of the firearms and other property, which had been stolen from his station, and also identified two of the prisoners as those who had stood over him and his servants while their companions were robbing his station."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ two blacks named Arrodilly and Wolloruy

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners were then called upon for their defence, and each of them stated, that they received the guns and blankets from two blacks named Arrodilly and Wolloruy."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ two native blacks, Arundilli and Woolondt

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners in defence stated, through the interpreter, that they received the muskets from two native blacks, Arundilli and Woolondt; they also received the blankets from the same parties."
Citation: SUPREME COURT -- CRIMINAL SIDE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Standard and Colonial Advocate (NSW : 1839), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article251535795

▸ two other blacks

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners had no adequate means of defence; they said that they received the property from two other blacks whom they had no opportunity of subpoenaing and who, if they were present, from their unhappy state of ignorance and darkness their evidence would not be admissable."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12863243

▸ two other native blacks, named Wollandi and Worrondilli

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners, through their interpreter, stated, that they received the muskets and blankets from two other native blacks, named Wollandi and Worrondilli."
Citation: THURSDAY, AUGUST 15. (1839, August 19). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32165244

▸ Five Aboriginal natives

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-20
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Five Aboriginal natives were placed at the bar, charged with robbery."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1839, August 20). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 4 (Morning). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268

▸ The prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-20
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners were charged with having, on the 16th of March last, stolen two carbines, three pistols, seven blankets, a waistcoat, some powder and shot, and a quantity of flour from the station of Messrs."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1839, August 20). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 4 (Morning). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-20
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Commissioner Mayne, and Sergeant Anderson proved that a few days after the robbery they went to where the blacks were encamped, and through an interpreter requested them to deliver up the stolen property."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1839, August 20). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 4 (Morning). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268

▸ two blacks named Aroslilly and Wooleroy

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-08-20
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoners stated in their defence, that the guns and blankets had been given to them by two blacks named Aroslilly and Wooleroy."
Citation: Supreme Court. (1839, August 20). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 4 (Morning). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31726268

▸ the Aborigines of the Liverpool Plains District

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-11-13
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Your Committee would also beg leave to refer to the evidence given by Mr. Day, who was employed on an investigation on an outrage committed upon the Aborigines of the Liverpool Plains District, which led to the execution of no less than seven white men."
Citation: POLICE IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. (1839, November 13). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-11-13
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I have scarcely ever seen joy more strongly depicted in any countenances than in those of the Blacks, when I assured them they might again fish quietly in the rivers without being driven away."
Citation: POLICE IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. (1839, November 13). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-11-13
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I caused it to be explained to the Blacks, and it tended much to a more friendly and confidential feeling between both parties than had yet been exhibited."
Citation: POLICE IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. (1839, November 13). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1839-11-13
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Previous to this, there were few of the runs that the Blacks dared to shew themselves upon, without being either fired at, or hunted off like native dogs, nor were they permitted to approach the rivers without being subject to attack."
Citation: POLICE IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS. (1839, November 13). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald). Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12857227

▸ the Aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-07-28
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There is a clause in the very proper bill of which we are now speaking, which authorises all persons to deprive the Aborigines of these weapons, whenever it can be done without inflicting bodily injury upon them."
Citation: No title (1840, July 28). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36848909
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36848909

▸ the Flinders Island blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-07-28
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "What could have induced this functionary to recommend that any portion of the Flinders Island blacks should be landed in the district of Port Phillip, we cannot conceive; and moreover, this recommendation having been acceded to, with a limitation, by the Governor, how came Mr R. to venture to transgress the said limitation of his Excellency?"
Citation: No title (1840, July 28). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36848909
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36848909

▸ Tallboy, alias Jackey, an aboriginal native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Tallboy, alias Jackey, an aboriginal native, was placed in dock, and an interpreter, named William Jones, sworn, who deposed that he had lived at Mr James Walker's station, at the Myall Creek, district of Cassilis, beyond the Wurrumbungi Mountains, where he had become acquainted with the prisoner, who could converse in four different languages, with one of which the interpreter was acquainted, and could make himself understood through it, by the prisoner."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ The prisoner

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The prisoner came up to within a yard of where the witness was sitting, on the horse - he had his spear in his right hand; the other one was under his cloak, which happening to open and the witness, saw the back of the hand under the cloak; it was covered with blood, and in it he held a pistol belonging to the witness, which he had left in the hut about two hours and a half previously."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ The prisoner

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The witness immediately suspected that something was wrong, and the prisoner, observing him looking at his left-hand, immediately stepped back about a yard, and suddenly wounded him in the right temple; he immediately spurred his horse and afterwards broke off the shaft of the spear, which was still sticking in his temple."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ a party

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the following day, a party having been collected, they repaired to the hut where the outrage had been committed; and found the deceased lying dead and covered with blood; and, on examining his head, they discovered four or five wounds which had apparently been inflicted with some sort of a blunt instrument, such as a tomahawk which had been in the hut up till that day."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ five or six aborigines

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the 17th of June, 1837, five or six aborigines came to the hut in which the witness, a hut-keeper named Big Bill, and the deceased lodged, where the blacks received some food, &c. from the inmates; they continued hanging about the place till the third day after, when about nine in the morning, the witness, having to go several miles to another station, took the saddle and bridle down, and asked the deceased to go with him to where the horse was, and help him to get the horse ready; he left Big Bill and a black or two in the hut; after witness had got on the horse he rode off and the deceased returned in the direction of the hut; and the last time the witness saw him alive was when he was within a rod or two of the hut door."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ five or six other blacks

Number of people: 5
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "John Millar, a stockman, who resided about thirty miles from where the murder took place, deposed that on the day after, the prisoner and five or six other blacks came to his place, when he saw the prisoner with a clasp knife in his hair, which he immediately recognised as being the property of the deceased, he having frequently seen him with it, and the last time, only a few days previous to his being murdered; another of the blacks, named Millbellow, was also dressed in a pair of trowsers and a jacket, which he recognised as being the clothing of Nobbs, the preceding witness; he also recollected Goodmorning being among the others; he suspected what they had been after, and for his own safety, got away from them as soon as possible, and heard nothing of any of them since; and it was only in February that he again saw the prisoner; he was then in custody of the police at Cassilis, when the witness identified him; he knew him perfectly well, as he had before then frequently visited and stopped at the station on which the prisoner was; they used to speak together; the prisoner not being altogether ignorant of the terms used in the English language, the way in which they conversed, was in broken English."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In opening the case to the jury Mr. Therry stated, that the present was only one of many outrages that had been committed on the whites by the aborigines in that distant part of the colony, and that it was necessary for the safety of society, that the aborigines should be made responsible to the laws for such improper acts of outrage as they were guilty of; it was a well known fact that not only the property of the settlers in the distant parts of the colony had been assailed by them, carried off, and wantonly destroyed, but a number of whites had from time to time fallen victims to the savage fury of the blacks."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the black man

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "If such had been the case he had no doubt but that the parties who had suffered had been properly convicted there was but one law for the black man as well as the white, and he considered it as much for the benefit of the blacks as for the whites that the laws should be strictly enforced in punishing them, when guilty of outrages against the white portion of the inhabitants as, unless this were done, it might be that the sufferers would, by not knowing that justice was done, become influenced by the spirit of revenge, and thus go on from crime to crime."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On examining the wounds, they appeared clean cuts, and very severe, one of them having gone right through the skull; they also found that all the rations, clothing, and, in fact, whatever was moveable, had been carried off, but none of the blacks were to be seen."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "His Honor then summed up and complimented the counsel on both sides for the way in which they had conducted the case, at the same time he considered it his duty to caution the jury against being led away by anything that had fallen from Mr. Therry about seven white men having been executed for an outrage, of which it had been stated they had been guilty against the blacks."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It was only twelve months since no less than seven white men had been tried for, convicted and executed for having been concerned in an outrage on the blacks, and that too, in what in his opinion, was less direct evidence than that which he was about to offer."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the prisoner

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment was then read, which charged the prisoner with having, on the 19th June, 1837, at Narang, on the Namoi, in Cassilis, murdered one Fredrick Harrington, a stockkeeper in the employ of the late Rev."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ the prisoner

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Another count charged him with having been present at the said murder, and aiding and abetting others in the perpetration of it, with a blunt instrument unknown to the Attorney General."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ two or three black fellows

Number of people: 3
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The witness returned about two hours and a-half after, on horseback, and when he came in sight of the hut, he saw two or three black fellows at a fire, with a pan roasting some meat; when he was seen by them, one of the blacks at the fire went into the hut, and came out again, followed by two or three others, among whom was the prisoner, who had on an opossum cloak."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ two other black fellows

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Court then enquired if the prisoner understood that he must plead either guilty or not guilty; when the interpreter said, he denied that he had done it, for it was done by two other black fellows when he was near Murramong, which is about ten miles from Narang, and five miles from Wang."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ two other black-fellows

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-08-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment having been read, and explained to the prisoner, he informed the Court—through the interpreter—that he did not do the deed, but that it was done by two other black-fellows, when he (the prisoner), was at Wang, and that the two black-fellows who did it were since dead."
Citation: LAW INTELLIGENCE. (1840, August 12). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 1 (Supplement to The Sydney Herald ). Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12865268

▸ rude barbarians

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indiscriminate slaughter which has blotted the Colony with the foul stain of innocent blood, has been committed in open defiance of the Laws of Nations, or of the more high authority, the law of God; and the gallantry displayed in the engagements with rude barbarians had better been displayed in the field of honor; with more equal enemies, and is a much more noble and righteous cause."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "While on the other hand, a secret hostile process, encouraged and carried on against the Blacks by a party of lawless Europeans until it had gained confidence and then unblushingly and openly appeared to the loss of upwards of five hundred Aborigines within two years, including the numerous massacres of men, women and children, and the two or three hundred, said to be slaughtered in the engagement which it is reported took place between the horse police, commanded by Major Nunn and the Aborigines in the interior."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "But heathen Rome had her laws of war and peace, and would have blushed at the cold hearted, bloody massacres of the aborigines in this Colony by men called Christians, and that those who could boast of their exploits in popping off a black the moment he appeared without regard to his innocence or guilt."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The present state of excited feeling on the part of those individuals who have suffered in their sheep and cattle attended with the loss of human life, in the attempt to extirpate the aborigines from their sheep and cattle runs, in the interior, is principally confined to one class of the colonists, the graziers, who suffer the most in consequence of our national measures; nor can the aborigines be absolutely condemned for their resistance, they being placed by Britons, precisely in a similar position as ancient Britons were, who acted upon the same principles of resistance to all-conquering Rome whose claims to the British Isles, was as just and right in principle as that of Great Britain to New South Wales."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Of those in the interior it is difficult to form a judgment, but it may fairly be presumed that the numbers are considerably overrated, because, whenever the blacks assemble in order to retaliate for some injury, real or supposed, which they conceive they have received from Europeans, their numbers seldom are rated at more than a hundred or two, or four, or five hundred at most; when it is certain, that all their forces are accumulated."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ the tribe of the lake

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1840-10-19
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The survivors of the tribe of the lake have taken up their abode for the present at Newcastle, having at this place not a single resident tribe; and we are only now occasionally visited by the small remnant of the inhabitants of the lake."
Citation: ABORIGINES. (1840, October 19). Launceston Courier (Tas. : 1840 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved December 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84674621

▸ The injured black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-08-14
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The injured black kept on the trail of Bon Jon for a long time, and prowled around the camp of the police, watching for an opportunity to be revenged."
Citation: LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. (1841, August 14). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679720
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679720

▸ a black youth named Bon Jon

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-08-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He had been shot, and there is a train of circumstantial evidence against a black youth named Bon Jon, although, in the present state of the law, he will most probably escape justice."
Citation: LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. (1841, August 14). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679720
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679720

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-11-24
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, I am sorry to say, are more mischievous than ever: they destroy both cattle and sheep with perfect impunity, except in the immediate neighbourhood of the commissioner's quarters."
Citation: Peel's River. (1841, November 24). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-11-24
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They have been heard to say (for most of them can now talk a little English) they shall kill them as long as a head remains on the Big River."
Citation: Peel's River. (1841, November 24). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-11-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The young Assistant Commissioner to Mr. Mayne may be brave, but if he intends to capture the blacks he must oppose cunning to cunning; and plant himself and police rather more cleverly than he did lately, when his ambuscade was so thoroughly Hibernian that all the country was aware of it, not excepting the blacks, who to a man, knew the whereabouts of the party in ambush, and were laughing heartily at the abortive attempt to overreach them."
Citation: Peel's River. (1841, November 24). The Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser (NSW : 1838 - 1841), p. 2 (MORNING). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32191516

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1841-12-10
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "We have heard with much regret that Mr. F. Parmeta, superintendent to Benjamin Singleton, Esq., who was speared by the blacks on the M'Intyre River, died on his road up for medical assistance, and has been interred at the station of Mr. Dight."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1841, December 10). The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12872726
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12872726

▸ a fine looking aboriginal black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-03
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A fine looking aboriginal black passed down yesterday, committed by Mr. Com- missioner Mayne for spearing cattle, and I believe also under a charge of murder."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 3). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226357770
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226357770

▸ My old friend the native black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "My old friend the native black, whom I took to the Peel, and who was committed, but as usual was allowed to go at large without being tried, is now on the river again, and also two of the fourteen that were sent down for trial shortly after."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They have murdered old Dick Twine and his hut-keeper, both employed by Mr. Drake, and taken everything out of the hut, including seven stand of arms, and a quantity of ammunition."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the evening of the 15th they took from Mr. Hargrave's station two horses, one tethered and the other in hobbles; on the 16th they rushed the men at the hut, but they were repulsed without damage on either side; on the 17th they renewed their attack, knocked down two panels of the stockyard, at a point where the men could not play upon them from the hut, and killed one calf in the yard and let the cattle out."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ the Aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Under the head of Scone we have given in our Correspondent's communications, the particulars of an aggression committed by the Aborigines, on the station of Mr. Drake, in the course of which two men were barbarously murdered, and property to a considerable value carried away."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ the Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Since then we have been favoured with the perusal of a letter received by Mr. James Howe, from his station on the McIntyre River, describing a succession of outrages committed by the Blacks, who appear on the occasion to have proceeded in such a systematic and deliberate manner, as seemed to infer the most perfect confidence from molestation."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the same evening, myself, and two of the Police named George and Taylor, a servant of Mr. Dight's, and Mr. M'Dougal's stockman, went down, by Mr. Hargrave's station, next to Mr. Yeoman's, but the blacks had burnt that hut which was uninhabited, and when we arrived at the other hut they had been gone about three hours, but no damage was done to the hut or men."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Sir, — I have to inform you of the arrival of the dray, on the 19th ultimo., and also that the blacks are very troublesome; they are continually rushing cattle, and have speared Bonny Boy so severely, that I expect he is dead by this time, and also one of Mr. Brown's horses that was along with him, but the latter has recovered."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the 20th they killed Mr. Dight's horse Schemer, cut his head off and two of his legs, and hung his entrails out from bush to bush; Mr. Dight's stockman's grey mare was with him at the same time, and she is missing."
Citation: OUTRAGES BY THE BLACKS. (1842, February 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141238

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks convey away the salt they pilfer from these stations to cure the cattle which they spear on the distant plains."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ a party of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Murder by the Blacks - Country Correspondent informs us that on the 8th of January last, as Richard Turner and his comrade Brown, both in the employment of Mr. Drake, at his station on the M'Intyre, were going early in the morning of that day to the stockyard, they were set upon by a party of blacks and barbarously murdered, the savages disfiguring their bodies in a most shocking manner."
Citation: Commercial Remarks. (1842, February 15). The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2555763
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2555763

▸ a party of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Since writing the above, I have heard that two men have also been slaughtered on the M'Intyre, at Mr. Singleton's station, in all probability by the same party of blacks."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ another white man

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I have also heard of another white man having been butchered about the same time, on a gentleman's station near the M'Intyre."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— From accounts recently received, we learn the blacks are very troublesome on the M'Intyre."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks knew of the dray having arrived, with rations a few days before, and the tribe must have been very numerous, since they carried off rations and various articles, weighing from 20 to 30 cwt."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The new commissioner, assistant to Mr. Mayne, is a very fit gentleman to follow the natives into the bush."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ the poor victims' dogs

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They also killed the poor victims' dogs by running their spears through them, and afterwards placing them on the deceased men's heads."
Citation: SCONE. (1842, February 15). Sydney Free Press (NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226358766

▸ The blacks on the Macintyre

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-16
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "— The blacks on the Macintyre continue very troublesome."
Citation: COUNTRY NEWS. (1842, February 16). The Colonial Observer (Sydney, NSW : 1841 - 1844), p. 7. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804

▸ The blacks on the Macintyre

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-16
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "— The blacks on the Macintyre, besides the murders already mentioned, have been in the habit of spearing the horses and cattle whenever they can find an opportunity."
Citation: COUNTRY NEWS. (1842, February 16). The Colonial Observer (Sydney, NSW : 1841 - 1844), p. 7. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804

▸ the same party

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-02-16
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two other men were murdered by the same party at Mr. Singleton's station, and another at a station adjoining; all of which murders were accompanied with circumstances of the grossest brutality."
Citation: COUNTRY NEWS. (1842, February 16). The Colonial Observer (Sydney, NSW : 1841 - 1844), p. 7. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226359804

▸ an immense number of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-03-12
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The day before yesterday, the police, with Mr. G. Dight's stockman, went to Mr. Yeoman's station, and about an hour after their arrival, an immense number of blacks approached to the station, keeping the opposite side of the river, and even dared the men to approach them; previous to that, they drove away the whole herd of cattle, and compelled the men to take the hut for their own safety."
Citation: MACINTYRE RIVER. (1842, March 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-03-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It is most probable they would that day have attacked the hut, but for the arrival of the police, who also went down the following day and found that they had speared the stock horse; they found his body on the other side of the river, not far from the hut: shortly afterwards, the police were on their way up the river to my hut, as the blacks' tracks shewed in that direction, and on approaching within about two miles of the hut, they fell in with the mob, who thought to surround them as their number was but two, which, but for their contiguity to the plain, they might have effected; however, the police escaped to our place uninjured; The blacks then took the plain in the direction of Brown's hut, slaughtering a few head of cattle on their way."
Citation: MACINTYRE RIVER. (1842, March 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094

▸ the blacks of the M'Intyre River

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-03-12
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "THE following letter describes a series of outrages committed by the blacks of the M'Intyre River, on the property of settlers in that district, of a more extensive description than we ever recollect to have heard of."
Citation: MACINTYRE RIVER. (1842, March 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-03-12
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I, and Mr. Drake's stockman were then on our way from Brown's, bringing with us a mob of cattle, all Drake's but one; they approached and made us relinquish the cattle; we being unarmed, we rode back to the hut as fast as possible for our arms, and fortunately the police had their horses in the yard, so we four set off immediately after them; we fell in with them about the spot where we left the cattle, they attacked us, and we them, but could not compel them to take the Plain in consequence of their number."
Citation: MACINTYRE RIVER. (1842, March 12). The Hunter River Gazette; and Journal of Agriculture, Commerce, Politics, and News (West Maitland, NSW : 1841 - 1842), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article228141094

▸ The blacks at the Barwin

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks at the Barwin have commenced the spearing cattle system; about ten or twelve of Mr. Nelson Lawson's; eighteen or twenty of Messrs."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ The party

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The party then endeavoured to trace the blacks, but a thunder storm coming on erased the tracks, and stopped their further progress."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ one-hundred-and-fifty or more blacks

Number of people: 150
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It would appear from the man's own story, who was a stockman employed on the Barwin, that about three weeks since, between eight and nine o'clock at night, one-hundred-and-fifty or more blacks, came to his hut, rushed at the door without uttering a word, and flung at him some half-dozen of spears or so, one of which struck him in the neck; he and his mate then immediately took to their fire-arms, and fired two or three volleys, and think they must have wounded one or two, from their shouting, &c., but from fear and alarm they did not wait to ascertain."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ seventy to eighty blacks

Number of people: 75
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The following are the particulars as stated to me: the stockman was out on the run, tailing (to use the Colonial bush phrase) weaners, when from seventy to eighty blacks came up to him, and surrounded him, they asked him for tobacco, which he gave them."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I have just returned from the River Barwin (which the Namoi junctions, and I suppose is about three hundred miles in a north westerly direction from Maitland and has not been occupied much more than three years), where the blacks are only just commencing their depredations, murders, &c.; report says, they have killed four or five men there, and speared numbers of cattle belonging to various individuals; the only authenticated report I can give you is, the one of a man of Mr. Lawson, senior, of Prospect, being killed by the blacks."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The second instance of murder, as reported to me (I cannot vouch for its correctness), is a man of Mr. White, on the Barwin, who, about a month since was murdered by the blacks."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "G. and H. Cox's, and numbers of others belonging to different persons, have been found dead on the runs, some with parts of the spear still remaining in them, and the death of numerous others on examination of the wounds, fully bearing out that it was the act of the blacks."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On their finding the blacks immediately dispersed, the wounded man and his hut keeper then proceeded to the head station, distant about ten miles, without any delay, reported the circumstance to their Superintendent who, next morning, with all hands, and two or three neighbouring gentlemen, got on the tracks of the blacks and went in pursuit, but to no purpose, as their horses knocked up on the second day, when they were compelled to return, and they then found the man who had been speared, had died from the injuries received."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Immediately after receiving the tobacco, they let fly a spear or two at him, but doing no harm, they made him dismount, killed his horse on the spot, and partook of some of the blood, and walked to his hut, distant about two miles."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-04-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On arriving there, they insisted upon flour, &c., being given them, which they got, or rather took, and left; they returned to the hut again in about an hour, and deliberately murdered the man, who was in the very act of telling his mate what a miraculous escape he had had from the spears; they, no doubt, would have served his hutkeeper in like manner, but that he contrived to make his escape to a neighbouring station, whilst the blacks were too busily employed rifling the pockets of the deceased and the hut; two spears were thrown at this man, but whizzed past him."
Citation: ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. (1842, April 5). The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article36849733

▸ Fryingpan

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-09-13
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The man was brought all the way from the Gwydir, as was also an interpreter, and another aborigine named Fryingpan, who was acquitted for want of sufficient evidence."
Citation: Maitland Circuit Court. (1842, September 13). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155

▸ Wellington

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-09-13
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Wellington, an aboriginal black, was sentenced to ten years to a penal settlement, for being found, with others of his own tribe, killing a cow belonging to Mr. William Scott, of Richmond."
Citation: Maitland Circuit Court. (1842, September 13). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-09-13
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The witness against these blacks, who appeared to be an intelligent person, said that within this month the blacks had killed 13 head of cattle, and made no use of them, but cut their tongues out, leaving the whole of the carcase on the ground; he also said that one gentleman had lost about 350 sheep, which were speared by these ungovernable blacks, who are now as outrageous as ever."
Citation: Maitland Circuit Court. (1842, September 13). Australasian Chronicle (Sydney, NSW : 1839 - 1843), p. 3. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31737155

▸ Black Billy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Unless the stockholders make some effort to prevent it, they will lose all their cattle ; the blacks tell the men that they are afraid to shoot them, as the Commissioner will hang them, (Black Billy is one of the ringleaders of them)."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks had a bora, as they call it, which signifies a meeting, and they danced with fat upon their heads and beef upon their spears."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Coxen's stockman came on the blacks at Nandar and they had their mongers loaded with fat beef, which he supposed to be either his or ours."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At Portland Bay, there is proof that the blacks kill the cattle out of mere wantonness, while Mr. DOYLE'S letter, which will be found in another column, shows that the blacks to the north-westward are actuated by the most destructive propensities."
Citation: The Sydney Morning Herald. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417873
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417873

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Now that there is a little feed for the cattle, the blacks are killing them on all the back runs."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The stockmen of the said gentleman left here this morning ; they are gathering cattle which were driven by the blacks from the Big River, and the aforesaid places over here ; they tell me that there is immense numbers of cattle killed by the blacks about the Galalatheral Plains."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. H. Eckford went up to the blacks when they were chasing the cattle, and they asked him what he wanted, and rifled his pockets and took whatever to-bacco and pipes he had ; he has gone to Maitland, and he will tell you all about it ; he passed while I was at the mountains."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-03
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Gale came on them at the mountains, and they had one cow dead and two more tongues in their bags ; they all ran away, and he burnt their accoutrements."
Citation: Namoi RIVER. (1842, October 3). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12417858

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-26
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "—The blacks have of late been particularly troublesome on the Gwydir and M'Intyre Rivers."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1842, October 26). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-26
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In fact, unless some such active person as Mr Fry be sent there, who would keep the blacks in order without unnecessary severity, the squatters will have to turn out in self-defence."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1842, October 26). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-10-26
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On the latter they have killed four white men within about two months, as well as having hunted Mr Hargrave's men away in sight of the huts, and speared his three horses."
Citation: LIVERPOOL PLAINS. (1842, October 26). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12412689

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks came to the hut again, and they all stopped around it for ten hours, throwing boomerangs and waddies at the hut."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks have taken the rations."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ Toby and Paddy Tye

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Looking out of the port-hole he saw Leahy running along the stockyard and Toby and Paddy Tye following him: they killed him in the scrub where the rails were cut."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Extract of a letter from Mr. Doyle's overseer, to Mr. B. Doyle, dated Mooney Creek, 9th October, 1842: On the 1st of the month, as the men John Leahy and Henry Hunt were working at the stock-yard, about eight o'clock in the morning, the blacks were planted in the scrub at the back of the hut, when one of the blacks, Paddy Tye, went down to the creek to bathe, he came back to the corner of the stockyard; Leahy went within two yards of the hut, when there was a shout from the blacks; the two blacks, Toby and Paddy Tye, then took the two guns and ran, Tye presenting the piece at Hunt, and Leahy shouting here they come, telling Hunt to bring his gun, that lay against the post in the stockyard—they were both gone."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks are in the habit, all over the district, of bailing up the hut-keepers, plundering the huts of all provisions, clothing, &c.; and most of these depredations are committed by blacks who have been reared by the whites."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Another of those cases of foul murder and depredation on the part of the blacks, which unhappily are become so frequent of late as probably to diminish the public interest and attention at their recital, has been perpetrated at Mooney Creek, in Mr. Commissioner Mayne's district, and calls for serious animadversion."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ the body of black robbers and murderers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Well, the murder is committed in open day, the objects of its perpetrators are easily carried into effect, the station is ransacked, the horses destroyed (of course, to hinder pursuit), and the body of black robbers and murderers retreat unmolested with their booty, and come forth again and again to make fresh aggressions, according as they find some of their numbers, who have ingratiated themselves with the white men, ready to betray their trust, and lead their brother savages to plunder and slaughter."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ the two blacks, Wellington and Fryingpan

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1842-11-21
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The trials of the two blacks, Wellington and Fryingpan, at the last Maitland circuit gave the squatters some hopes that the Governor would at length be convinced of the real state of the case as exhibited by the evidence given on these trials, particularly as the Chief Justice expressed very warmly his surprise and horror at the sufferings and dangers which are undergone."
Citation: NEWS FROM TH[?] INTERIOR. (1842, November 21). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12409734

▸ The quiet blacks of the Namoi

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-21
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The quiet blacks of the Namoi are turning out and killing cattle at Rocky Creek."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, January 21). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210

▸ a black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-21
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I have to add another victim to the violence of the blacks, and the absurd notions and measures of the government, in Mr. Beddington's stockman, who was riding down his run, in company with another man, and when within about three miles from the hut a black stepped from behind a tree, and threw a spear at him, which passed through his chest; he lived only about two minutes."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, January 21). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210

▸ a civilised black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-21
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This run has been formed nearly six years, and the perpetrator of the deed was a civilised black."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, January 21). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658210

▸ The tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-28
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The tribe that killed Mr. Bettington's man crossed over from the Big River a few days back, and attacked our sheep on the run, but fortunately the shepherd was armed, on seeing which they ran off."
Citation: NAMOI RIVER. (1843, January 28). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-28
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They have now destroyed four of our horses, which cost £129 ; killed one of our men, and wounded another so much that I fear he will never recover ; besides destroying the huts, and plundering the station of six months' supply."
Citation: NAMOI RIVER. (1843, January 28). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-28
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I regret to say that Bolin, your principal stockman at the Mooney, arrived here yesterday with the unwelcome news that the blacks on the 2nd instant had taken three horses from the hut where they were fastened, killed them, and let our cattle on the station (amounting to 500 head) out of the yards, and driven them away."
Citation: NAMOI RIVER. (1843, January 28). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-28
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I forgot to say the blacks have also driven away 1100 head of Messrs."
Citation: NAMOI RIVER. (1843, January 28). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-01-28
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "You have consequently four men at present up there at heavy wages for no purpose, as they dare not stir out on the run ; the blacks coming opposite the hut and daring the men to go out, saying they had killed all the horses, and would kill or drive all the white fellows off the Mooney, McIntyre, and Barwin Rivers."
Citation: NAMOI RIVER. (1843, January 28). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658325

▸ The quiet blacks of the Namoi

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The quiet blacks of the Namoi are turning out and killing cattle at Rocky Creek, the Commissioner is now on the McIntyre, and will visit the Big River in about three weeks; but I know not what he can do, words will no longer suffice, we must have measures, or withdraw."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ The tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The tribe that killed Mr Bettington's man, crossed over from the Big River a few days back, and attacked our sheep on the run, but fortunately the shepherd was armed, on seeing which, they ran off."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They have now killed four of your horses, which cost £129, killed one of our men, and wounded another so badly, that I fear he will never recover, besides destroying the huts and plundering the station of six months supplies, and have now our whole herd of cattle at their disposal."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ a black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I have to add another victim to the violence of the blacks, and the absurd notions and measures of the Government, in Mr Biddington's stockman, who was riding down his run, in company with another man, and when within about three miles from the hut, a black stepped from behind a tree and threw a spear at him, which passed through his chest: he lived about two minutes."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ a civilised black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The run has been formed nearly six years and the perpetrator of the deed was a civilised black."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ a very intelligent black-fellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks are quite aware of this: from what I hear from a very intelligent black-fellow I have every reason to believe they will destroy all the horses and thus disable the men from attending to the cattle, and that man who offers them the slightest interruption in their depredations on the cattle may make up his mind to be killed the first opportunity, and if he moves out, they will take care that opportunity shall not be thrown away."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Indeed, I wish much that we had not removed any part of our stock, particularly to the Mooney Creek, which you are aware is at least two hundred and forty miles beyond this; and I regret to have to inform you that Bolin, your head stockman at the Mooney, arrived here with the unwelcome news that the blacks, on the night of the 2nd instant, during a violent thunder storm, had taken the three horses from the hut, where they were fastened, for protection, and killed them at some distance on the run, they let the cattle out of the yard (500 head) and drove them away."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Bolin says he has not a beast left on the run, you have consequently four men there at heavy wages doing nothing, as they dare not venture to stir out on the run; the blacks came opposite the hut the following day, and the fellow that killed poor John Lehey and wounded Hunt, called out that they had killed all the horses or yarramen, and would kill or drive all the white fellows off the Mooney, McIntyre, and Barwan Rivers, he challenged the men out to fight."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I forgot to say the blacks have also driven away 1100 of Messrs Eather and Oness's cattle, and killed one horse on the Mooney."
Citation: THE BIG RIVER. (1843, February 1). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12423705

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They went to our hut, and killed Bolen's stock dog after he left."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I am also informed that the blacks are committing great depredations on the Big River, more particularly on Captain Mayne's station; the superintendent finds it necessary to send for more men and horses."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Single and Williams's stockmen are now here, on their way to report that the blacks have killed six of their horses since my last, and driven all the cattle off the Mooney Creek."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I have just received information that a considerable number of our cattle taken from the Mooney station by the blacks had made their escape, and are now at Mr. A. M'Dougall's station on the Big River, about seventy miles from this."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ their cattle

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is their intention to kill or drive all the whites with their cattle from the Mooney and Barwin."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-02-25
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They have now grown so impudent that they sent word to Mr. Eckford's station that they would kill their horses next."
Citation: THE MOONEY AND BARWIN RIVERS. (1843, February 25). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article658887

▸ The black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The black is still at large; no further notice is taken of it."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ The black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The black who speared Mr. Beddington's man can be sworn to by the man who saw him do it."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, who are now and then tutored by a bushranger, imagine every white man must be hanged who molests them."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ The inhuman wretches

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The inhuman wretches, who were the assailants, then burnt the bodies of their victims to ashes."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ The two

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The two were thus murdered, and their horses killed."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Within these last few days they have killed a horse, mare, and foal at Mr. Fitzgerald's. They have in no case missed to put their long spoken of threat into execution, that is, to kill the horses."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They have killed all Mr. Single's horses, and left only nine milking cows on the station; but the object of this letter is to direct your immediate attention to your herd on the Mooney Creek."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They commit murder without interruption."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A man named Thomas Rhodes, attended by a black boy, were in pursuit of their master's stock, when they fell in with a tribe of blacks in the act of spearing the cattle, and before the two unfortunate creatures could escape they were surrounded and a shower of spears sent upon them."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "My informant says Rhodes was not a man of a revengeful disposition, and that at the time of his murder he was in conversation with the blacks, and had no means of escaping from their treachery."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Mr. Baldwin's superintendent was thirty miles below Mr. McDougall's, and he saw a large number of cattle tracks coming into the river; but, what is more conclusive, George Bull, the bearer of this letter, was in that part looking for his cattle which had been rushed, and his description of the way in which the blacks are slaughtering the cattle in that part is really frightful."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Nothing but such an immense number of strangers have saved our herds from absolute destruction by the blacks."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I much regret to say all the stations in that part must have suffered severely from the blacks."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "GENTLEMEN—From recent accounts which have been received from the Namoi and Barwin rivers, the melancholy intelligence has reached this place of a most daring outrage, attended with loss of life, committed by the blacks at a station belonging to Mr. Samuel W. Cook, of Scone."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ the murderers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Rhodes bore the character of an excellent servant, and it is supposed that he came upon the murderers with fat cattle in their possession, which they had just speared."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ their tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In some instances the murderers are captured, but in scarcely any are they convicted or punished; but frequently discharged for want of an interpreter, or some other cause; and after having been for some time, well fed and clothed, return to their tribe with a tomahawk and other warlike weapons, to murder the first white man who ventures to contradict these black worthies."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ them

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When engaged in spearing cattle or horses it is no uncommon thing for them to dare the owners to interfere with them, boldly asserting that if they do the Governor will hang them with conagong, as the seven other white men were."
Citation: THE POOR BLACKS V. THE WHITE MEN. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 4. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659585

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "No description of property is safe: they appear to kill for amusement."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ two blacks

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-01
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There is no doubt that had only two blacks been taken two years ago you would not have heard of one half the depredations."
Citation: BIG RIVER. (1843, April 1). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659594

▸ The Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-05
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Blacks — The blacks are continuing their depredations in the districts of the Namoi, Barwin, and Big Rivers, with a degree of system and perseverance which promises ere long to relieve the government from the trouble of interfering in the matter."
Citation: HUNTER'S RIVER. (1843, April 5). The Colonial Observer (Sydney, NSW : 1841 - 1844), p. 6. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226361291
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226361291

▸ a black boy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-05
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A stockman named Rhodes and a black boy have been added to the list of human victims."
Citation: HUNTER'S RIVER. (1843, April 5). The Colonial Observer (Sydney, NSW : 1841 - 1844), p. 6. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226361291
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226361291

▸ The Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-15
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Blacks are committing serious depredations in the Districts of the Namoi, Barwan and Big Rivers."
Citation: SYDNEY. (1843, April 15). Melbourne Times (Vic. : 1842 - 1843), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226925116
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226925116

▸ a black boy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-15
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A stockman named Rhodes and a black boy have lately been murdered by them."
Citation: SYDNEY. (1843, April 15). Melbourne Times (Vic. : 1842 - 1843), p. 2. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226925116
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226925116

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-29
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I see by letters and articles which have appeared in your journal lately that a very extensive and well concerted system of depredations is now being carried on by the aborigines on the Big, Namoi, Moonee, and Barwin rivers."
Citation: THE SQUATTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT. (1843, April 29). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-29
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Loss of life, and great destruction among the cattle, are repeatedly recorded, and the end openly sought by the blacks seems to be of very probable fulfilment before long—the forced retreat of the whites from these rivers."
Citation: THE SQUATTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT. (1843, April 29). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-29
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Graziers will scarcely persist in sending cattle and horses to stations where they must soon fall a prey to the blacks; and, even if they do, stockmen and hutkeepers will certainly not continue to go to places where they know well they will soon be attacked and speared, and where, in the present state of the law and of public opinion, they dare not defend their employers' cattle, and hardly even their own lives, for if one black man falls in so doing, they are subject to the charge of murder."
Citation: THE SQUATTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT. (1843, April 29). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-29
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He must defend himself as he best can, with the pleasant conviction that while the law sleeps on quietly when the blacks attack him, it is broad awake and all powerful to reach him if he dares oppress them."
Citation: THE SQUATTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT. (1843, April 29). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985

▸ these outrages

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-04-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is possible some of these outrages may have been perpetrated on stations that are not only far beyond the bounds of the colony, but that are not held under license or permission from the government."
Citation: THE SQUATTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT. (1843, April 29). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659985

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-08-26
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It is rumoured that the blacks have again been committing depredations among the stock on the Big, Macintyre, and Barwin rivers; several lives are reported to have been sacrificed to the vengeance of these lawless savages."
Citation: HUNTER RIVER DISTRICT NEWS. (1843, August 26). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved December 31, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article661681
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article661681

▸ Of the whites

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Of the whites, one, a stockman had his brains dashed out, another, Mr Hallen, superintendent to Mr Lawson, M. C., was speared in the back, and died from the effects of the wound in five days after; while three others were wounded, one dangerously in the thigh, though it was hoped his wound would not prove fatal and the other two slightly."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ a tribe of wild blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A party of whites, twenty-three in number, were out after a tribe of wild blacks, who had been committing depredations at several stations on the Barwon."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We have reason to fear that the above melancholy event is only one of a series of fatal encounters that have occurred between the squatters and the aborigines on the rivers in the northwest, during the last six months."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It had not been ascertained whether any of the aborigines were killed."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They were camped for the night, and had lighted a fire and, two of the party remaining upon guard, the re- mainder retired to rest, thinking themselves quite secure from an attack, as it is very unusual for the blacks to carry on their aggressions in the night."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The party were, however, surprised by the blacks, who com- menced the attack by throwing in a shower of spears and clubs, and kept up the fight for a considerable time in a similar manner, carefully avoiding close quarters; until they were eventually beaten off."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1843-09-12
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "INTELLIGENCE has been received in town during the week of a serious affray between the squatters and the blacks on the Barwon River, which has been attended with a most melancholy loss of life."
Citation: THE BLACKS ON THE BARWIN. (1843, September 12). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12413305

▸ Several blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Several blacks were seen about the hut in the morning, and they had threatened to kill the mother and sister of the deceased."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks were a wild tribe, and could not speak English; they did not belong to the Barrarbool tribe although within their bounds; but had come from the westward, about Cape Otway, probably the same tribe by whom Mr Gellibrand is supposed to have been murdered."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks appeared to have committed the horrid deed merely for the sake of the boy's clothing; as none of the sheep were missing."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They were again seen in the evening by a man named Mathers, from whom they attempted to steal some clothing."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ a tribe of wild blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "MURDER BY THE BLACKS.—A most horrible and cold-blooded murder was committed by a tribe of wild blacks, upon a boy who was shepherding a flock of sheep within fourteen miles to the westward of Corio, on the sea coast; of which the following are the particulars:—On Saturday last, a boy named James Saunders, aged fourteen years, went out in charge of his sheep in the morning, and about three o'clock in the afternoon, his brother William Saunders, who was working at a distance of about a mile, began to think that something had happened to the boy, as the sheep were straying on a part of the run which was set apart for the cattle."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The deceased had taken a gun with him in the morning, but it is supposed that the blacks had stolen close to him before they had displayed any hostility."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1844-09-30
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Unfortunately the greater part of the Border Police force is stationed near the Glenelg, where the blacks have always been the most troublesome; but as soon as a sufficient force can be collected, it is the intention of the Commissioner to follow the Cape Otway tribe into their haunts, with a view to the discovery of the murderers."
Citation: MURDER BY THE BLACKS. (1844, September 30). Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845), p. 2 (Morning.). Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92679108

▸ The blacks in that locality

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1846-09-30
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks in that locality have been quiet now for a long time, as far as the molesting of men is concerned; but their ideas of meum and tuum still remain as loose and undefined as ever; their taste for beef improves by what it's fed on."
Citation: Hunter River District News. (1846, September 30). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article685044
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article685044

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-09-13
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "N.B.—The Station has been established 8 years, and the blacks, up to the present time, have never shown any disposition to spear or otherwise interfere with the cattle on it."
Citation: Classified Advertising (1848, September 13). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article709141
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article709141

▸ a black gin

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-10-21
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "As a contrast to this we now find that in consequence of a report that a black gin has been murdered by the whites on the McIntyre River; a reward of £50 is offered for the criminals."
Citation: THE NATIVE BLACKS. (1848, October 21). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517

▸ native blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-10-21
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There were innumerable instances of native blacks being committed for trial, and afterwards discharged without punishment."
Citation: THE NATIVE BLACKS. (1848, October 21). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-10-21
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It will be remembered that some years ago several men were executed for a wholesale murder of the blacks on the Big River."
Citation: THE NATIVE BLACKS. (1848, October 21). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-10-21
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On many establishments the blacks were not permitted to approach the whites."
Citation: THE NATIVE BLACKS. (1848, October 21). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-10-21
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two unoffending white men were slaughtered by the natives on the Pine River, and the Government tardily offered a reward of £25 for the apprehension of the murderers: which reward, however, has been withheld from those who assisted at the capture of one of the ruffians."
Citation: THE NATIVE BLACKS. (1848, October 21). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3713517

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They have been in hundreds on our run and slaughtering our cattle tens at a time; Mr. Wightman and I found nearly forty head killed, independent of a large quantity carried off."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ above two hundred blacks

Number of people: 200
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Mr. Wightman saw above two hundred blacks on the Boomi, six miles above our hut, all loaded with beef; when they saw him they gave chase, and ran him a considerable distance, more than a mile."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The country down here (the Barwan) looks very bad indeed; not a blade of grass that the sheep will eat; they are consequently badly off, and must be much worse unless rain comes very soon; and to help to make our situation the more miserable the blacks have driven off our working bullocks as well as our horses."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The following extract gives all the new information in the letter:—I am sorry to inform you that the blacks have driven off all our horses."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the contrary, the threats they used of killing all our horses first, and then the men, accompanied by the most dreadful yells and shouts, had the effect of striking terror into the minds of some of our party; so that we had to return home as we came, leaving the blacks in possession of their camp, and no doubt a plentiful supply of beef."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1848-12-23
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I fear, unless some prompt steps are adopted by the government for our protection, that the blacks will carry out their threats of either killing or driving off all the whites from the Barwan and McIntyre Rivers."
Citation: COLONIAL EXTRACTS. (1848, December 23). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 4. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715284

▸ All the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "All the natives agreed to the same story, so that there could be no moral doubt, taking their tale in connection with that of the European witnesses, that the flour was given deliberately to destroy the blacks."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ Mr. Gregor

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "There was one case in which Mr. Gregor was murdered in this way."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ One little girl

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "One little girl escaped from this dreadful scene, and the ruffians, having been indicted for the murder of a child, were acquitted."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks were fastened together with a rope, and butchered in cold blood."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The blacks received flour in which something taken from a paper was mixed, and although they were all in perfect health when this took place, many of them were dead within three days."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a black boy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They therefore escaped wholly unpunished, although they were well known to a black boy who had been living about the place, and to other aborigines."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a black native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He remembered a case where two magistrates of the country went out armed with guns and pistols—a shot was heard behind a hill, and the body of a black native found."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a native named Macgill

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was, that a native named Macgill, who had been under the tuition of Mr. Threlkeld, a missionary, from boyhood to manhood, and who could read and write as well, perhaps, as any member of that House."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a number of aboriginal natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "No doubt that a number of aboriginal natives were found dead in the vicinity, and the remains of some damper which they had been eating—and a gentleman was accused of having given them this damper, containing arsenic, with the deliberate intention of murdering them."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A case too had recently occurred where several persons had sworn that poison was deliberately administered to a tribe of blacks."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ a tribe of tame blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They happened to come up to a tribe of tame blacks—blacks who were in a manner domesticated, and were useful in their own way to the settlers around."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ all the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The circumstances were brought before him (the Attorney-General); all the blacks gave corroborative testimony of the strongest kind against the suspected party."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ native blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "That despatch said—The measure was introduced at the desire of the Attorney-General, in consequence of the difficulty in obtaining convictions which he experienced in several cases wherein native blacks have been concerned, either as the accused or injured party, and the dissatisfaction which has been expressed in the colony when a criminal has escaped."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ native testimony

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Here was a case where justice was entirely evaded because native testimony could not be admitted, to show that it was the use of the flour which had caused death."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the Cowpasture tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He could remember when the Cowpasture tribe made an inroad upon the settled lands, and on that occasion what was the course adopted by the Government ?"
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the aboriginal native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We should have supposed that the aboriginal native might have been sufficiently instructed before being produced as witnesses, to render their evidence admissible, according to the established rules of law, which do not define the distinctness of religious ideas, or to what degree the belief in a future state is to be fixed to qualify a witness to take an oath."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the aboriginal natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At present, he must say that he should view with horror the idea of any human being placed on trial for his life and subjected to the evidence of the aboriginal natives of this country."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Many cases, too, occurred in which white people were murdered by the aborigines, and the latter escaped from justice because the testimony of their fellows could not be taken against them."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He must say he fully concurred in this opinion, and he would recommend those who were so desirous to have this description of evidence introduced, to turn their attention more seriously to the amelioration of the condition of the aborigines."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But when charged with this gross murder, the parties did not deny it, but merely asked the magistrate to prove it, knowing the evidence of the aborigines would not be taken."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "An alarm was given, and the black was fired upon and killed by Mr. Jamieson, who was afterwards committed for trial for the act, and it was afterwards discovered that this black, who had been deprived of his life in this way was entirely innocent of the crime imputed to him."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A party of twelve or thirteen stockmen having received some molestation from the blacks, went out, and rode about the country in search of no particular tribe of blacks, but of any tribe that might have the ill fate to fall into their hands."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The honorable and learned member for Sydney had referred to the origin of these differences between the Government and the settlers—namely, on the trial of the men for the murder of the blacks at the Gwydir River, in the year 1839."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "At that period seven men were tried twice, and were hanged—and he would add his own deliberate opinion to that of the honorable and learned member for Sydney, that these men were judicially murdered."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It could not be denied —it was not attempted to be denied—that murders most revolting to every sense of humanity had been committed upon the blacks, and he must contend, in spite of all that had been urged, that it would be unworthy of a humane and just Government—it would be unworthy of a Christian Government, if these murders were allowed to be continued, without any effort to repress them."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "There had been a good deal said about the trial of the men who were convicted for the murder of the blacks on the Gwyder River."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He had heard with attention the recital of all the murders committed by the blacks; but he must say that in all the measures that had been taken for the protection of these poor creatures, the Government had not acted the part of a merciful Government."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He believed that the measures of the Government had been actuated by a false philanthropy—that it had ended in inducing the whites to shoot the blacks in scrubs, or wherever they could find them, when no one was nigh."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He would not join in the condemnation of the Government with regard to the condemnation of the seven men in 1839 for the murder of the blacks at the Gwyder River, for he must believe that those men suffered justly, and that it was impossible for the Government to interpose its power to prevent the law being carried into effect."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He could not concur in the opinion that the blacks should be put down by force; let them come in and make their own statement, and then the Courts would take that statement for what it was worth."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the gins of the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In 1826, a shepherd in the employ of Mr. Jamieson was shot, and the gins of the blacks in the neighbourhood having a prejudice against one particular black, accused him of the crime, with such particulars of circumstantial evidence as induced his apprehension."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the murderers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The wife of a shepherd with him was murdered at the same time, the husband escaping because he was enabled to defend himself with a double-barrelled gun; but he was so frightened and confused that he could not recognise any of the murderers."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "member for the Northumberland boroughs a despatch had been sent home from the Government here, relating the horrible particulars of the charge against Mr. Coates ; and it was only the other day he had seen the account borrowed from such despatch paraded in the Times newspaper, stating, no doubt for the benefit of the old ladies of Exeter Hall, that Mr. Coates had poisoned some dozens of the natives."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "No doubt many of the natives had been slaughtered at the Gwyder River in the event referred to by the honorable and learned Attorney-General, but he (Mr. Fitzgerald) recollected that he about the same time had a white servant murdered; but of this murder no notice was taken; but no sooner was the murder of the blacks made known, than the police of the whole district was put in motion."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the natives themselves

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The dead bodies of the victims were found in the particular places where they were pointed out by others of the same race, and on examining them they were found to have been killed by gun shot wounds on the head, breast, or body, exactly as the natives themselves had described."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the party

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The party were completely armed with cutlasses, and with these they hacked the limbs of their victims, who were then thrown, some while yet living, on a fire, several of the atrocious band remaining for several days to see them burned."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ the seven men

Number of people: 7
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It was to the same honorable and learned member that was to be ascribed the second trial and conviction of the seven men who were executed in 1839, and which had been truly described by his honorable and learned friend the member for Sydney as a judicial murder ; and which he most fearlessly pronounced to be the blackest item on the criminal calendar of New South Wales."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ them

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Some damper was found near their bodies, which appeared to have been used by them up to the time of their death, and some of the witnesses knew by the peculiar feel of this damper that it contained poison."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ these aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "That it was intended to admit the testimony of these aborigines without the sanction of an oath, which it was admitted from the absence of all knowledge of religion they were utterly incapable of taking."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ these savage marauders

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The military were ordered out by the Government—they opposed these savage marauders, and a slaughter, numerically considered very inconsiderable, ensued."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ this tribe

Number of people: 27
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They carefully surrounded this tribe, and captured, with the exception of some one or two children, the whole of them, amounting to twenty-seven in number."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ tribes of the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-06-29
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "There was one instance where tribes of the natives had been deliberately shot at by the white people,—shot at in the scrub whenever they were found, and without any sort of attack on their part upon the settlers."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, June 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12912959

▸ The aboriginals

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The aboriginals had in the neighbourhood of New England Plains, and many other parts near the frontiers, become extremely troublesome about that period, committing many depredations and murders on the white settlers and their servants."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They offered to remain with us and conduct us to the tribe."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ Twenty-seven black men

Number of people: 27
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Twenty-seven black men were most barbarously murdered, and for this murder six white men were executed; not only were these men most properly punished, but their punishment had had a most salutary effect in preventing the perpetration of similar crimes by others."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a black boy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "With the assistance of a black boy who went with us I communicated to the tribe that they were charged with murder, spearing cattle, and all manner of outrages, and demanded that the actual perpetrators of these acts of violence should be delivered up to me."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "About noon of the second day I was riding in the rear of the party when I heard, on a sudden, the words black-fellows in front; I was perhaps about fifty yards to the rear at the time; I rode up immediately, and the first thing I noticed was Corporal Hannan returning from the front, speared through the leg; he appeared to be in great agony, and cried out I am speared, I am speared; at the same moment I heard several shots fired in rapid succession; Mr. Cobban was in the front at the time; the men charged, and separated in such a manner that I was perfectly unable to collect them at the moment; I did so as soon as possible, and we succeeded in extracting, with the assistance of a black man, the spear from Hannan's leg; the wound was a very bad one and I apprehended that mortification would come from the very great [severity] of the [wound] at the time."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a black named Daddy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment contained nine counts, and it was only in four of these counts that the prisoners were charged with the murder of a black named Daddy."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a black native child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "What he understood to be the case was this: the prisoners were first indicted for killing a black native child and were acquitted; they were then indicted for killing a black native, and pleaded autre fois acquit."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a native black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the fourth day after leaving Marshall's station, which was then the largest station on the Big River, I came upon a native black, asleep under a tree, against which I saw four spears leaning; the [black] man got up the tree, but we succeeded in getting him down; after explaining to him through our black boy that we did not intend to hurt him, he told us that his party consisted of four more blacks, three women and some children; these blacks we found the same day; they were all brought to me in the camp."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "After marching all night, we came upon a tribe of blacks on the river bank."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ a tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Some few months ago a relative of his own went with a party to rescue cattle from a tribe of blacks who had come into the neighbourhood from another part of the country."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an aboriginal black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In the remaining five counts, the person they were charged with having murdered was variously described as an aboriginal black, whose name was to the Attorney-General unknown, and an aboriginal male black, name unknown."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an aboriginal child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In the second indictment there were twenty counts, in which the offence was variously charged as the murder of an aboriginal child (sex not stated), name unknown; an aboriginal male child, name unknown; an aboriginal female child, name unknown; and an aboriginal child named Charley."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an aboriginal child, name unknown

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The account of the trial from which he had quoted was taken from the Judge's own notes, and from this it appeared that the prisoners were found guilty under the counts charging them with the murder of an aboriginal child, name unknown, acquitting them, in fact, of the murder of a child named Charley."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an aboriginal male adult called Daddy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The charge at the first trial was the murder of an aboriginal male adult called Daddy."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an aboriginal male child

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "He would ask the Attorney-General as a lawyer, whether proof that the prisoners had killed an aboriginal male child, as they were charged with doing at the second trial, would not have been sufficient to sustain any one of these counts in which the name of Daddy was not mentioned?"
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an adult aboriginal named Daddy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The indictment at the first trial was not, as had been stated, confined to an adult aboriginal named Daddy, but was an indictment under which the men might have been convicted of the murder of any black among the whole number that were killed."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ an unarmed black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The lieutenant had told him (Mr. Donaldson) that he ran his sabre through an unarmed black who was endeavouring to make his escape up a tree."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The Government had never attempted to deny that persons actually attacked by blacks had a perfect right to defend themselves, and no more was done in this case."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But as one proof of this, he might mention that he had seen natives brought up for trial at Melbourne, remanded time after time, because the Protector did not even sufficiently understand their language to act as interpreter."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ part of the tribe

Number of people: 30
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In consequence of these outrages, and from there being no efficient police force to protect them, the servants of the squatters took the law into their own hands and a number of them arrested part of the tribe, from thirty to forty, at a place called Myall Creek, the station of a Mr. Dangar, and led them out, deliberately to execution, shooting them and afterwards burning the bodies."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the aboriginal witnesses

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The men were retained in custody; the aboriginal witnesses were committed to the care of competent instructors; and the Legislative Assembly, then consisting of Crown nominees, passed an Act, proposed by the Governor himself, authorising Courts to receive, and rendering legal under certain circumstances, the evidence of aboriginal natives."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The practice was, whenever there was a collision between the officers of the Government and the aborigines, to institute a magisterial enquiry upon the spot, and to forward the depositions taken at that inquiry to the Attorney General, in order that the latter might take further steps if the case seemed to require it."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the black man alone

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Looking at the [illegible] policy of the Government in protecting the black man alone, and neglecting to punish his aggressions—as for instance in the case of Mr Faithful, a man on the road between Sydney and Port Phillip—it seemed to be the sole desire of the Executive to please their masters of Downing-street, and the masters of both at Exeter Hall; he was glad therefore that they had been refused the means of shedding more blood to please this clique."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the black natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In consequence of the reports I had received of the outrages of the black natives in that direction; so arriving there I found everything in the greatest confusion, the shepherds and people all afraid to leave the vicinity of their huts, and the sheep all crowded round about, and not a man could be induced to take them out to pasture until I had sent parties [to scour] the country and ascertain that the blacks were not in the neighbourhood."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Again, within the lapse of a few weeks of the same term, a Major (Nunn) and a Lieutenant (Cobban), of Her Majesty's Service, who had both since died, had slaughtered the blacks as cruelly as the men who were executed."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The author is alluding to the massacre of the blacks at Myall Creek."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Yet at that time but a few years had elapsed since a regular military expedition, headed by the Governor of Van Diemen's Land, had marched through that island, forming as it were, a cordon for the extermination of the blacks; and forcibly removing all those who remained to a distant island."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I marched direct for the Namoi; on my arrival there I heard very distressing accounts from the stockmen in the neighbourhood of the outrages committed by the blacks."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the evening of my arrival, I sent sergeant McNally to Mr. Baldwin's station, to ascertain of the people there if these reports were quite correct, and that the blacks were at that time assembled in great numbers at a place lower down the River Namoi."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "After disposing of my men so as to prevent the escape of the blacks, and giving them orders not to fire at all, but if necessary to defend themselves with their swords."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From this camp I proceeded to Mr. [illegible]'s station on the Gwydir; Mr. [illegible] was at the station, and begged of me to remain a few days at the station for their protection, and was in a state of great alarm from the depredations the blacks had been committing; I remained there [illegible] days, then proceeded to Mr Cobb's station; where I was very anxious to arrive."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The next morning, under the guidance of the blacks, the direction of our march was quite changed; we were led by them for two days."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I certainly never gave my men any orders that could warrant their firing upon the blacks, unless in self-defence."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "After the firing ended I rode through the wood, and saw four or five dead bodies of the blacks; I am positive that I saw four."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Gentlemen who visited that place some time afterwards, reported that some 60 or 70 of the blacks were killed - that some of them were shot like crows in the trees."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A complaint had been made by Mr. Park, formerly a candidate for the representation of Durham, of depredations committed by the blacks, and a party of mounted police was despatched for their protection, with instructions to disperse the aborigines, but not to fire upon them unless they were attacked."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "True it was that these things did not, according to civilized laws, justify the taking of life; but they would, in all events, if well considered, show that the blacks were entitled to great forbearance, and to say that the aggressions thus committed, the thefts and pilfering of a poor naked body of blacks, was on all occasions to be met with the musket and gun was unworthy the spirit of Englishmen."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Some statements had been made that evening which he could not but believe were calculated to do much injury to the colony, relative to the poisoning of the blacks."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They had encroached upon the land which the blacks had been accustomed to call their own and when they were expelled, they wantonly butchered the helpless people who were only asserting their own rights."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the blacks at the Big River

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Where was the man bold enough to say that the prisoners tried for the murder of the blacks at the Big River were not guilty?"
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the fifteen prisoners

Number of people: 15
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Above two hours before sunset, I returned to my former camp with the fifteen prisoners; the two men charged with murder were se- cured by handcuffs, and placed in charge of two sentries."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the miserable blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The intention was to drive these people back to whence they came, but when they overtook them in an angle of a river, the whole party applied for leave to tie the miserable blacks on a string and shoot them all."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the murders charged

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was said that these men were indicted twice; but he thought it had been clearly shown by the honorable and learned Attorney General, that the second indictment was not the same as the first - that the murders charged were separate and distinct."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the murders of the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "members who had addressed the House that evening, it would appear that because it was found impossible to get at those men, who, behind the scenes were no doubt the instigators of the murders of the blacks, that the men found guilty of the actual murder were not to be punished at all."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He could not see why their attacks on the flocks and herds of settlers was any more an inroad on the rights of those settlers, than was the destruction of the kangaroo and emu an inroad on the rights of the natives."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It was clear from the report that there was no attack upon the natives until a trooper had been speared, and it became necessary to order the attack in self-defence."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the party

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I immediately ordered the party to mount, and guided by Mr. Baldwin's stockman, proceeded at once towards the place mentioned."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the prisoners

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The offence, then, was precisely the same, and if the prisoners could have been tried twice, they might have been as many times as there were persons killed, and that under the same indictment."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Amongst the fifteen prisoners two were pointed out to me by the tribe as the murderers of Mr. Hall's man, some time before."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On this, fifteen men of the tribe were pointed out to me by their comrades as the guilty parties, these were taken into custody, and the rest of the tribe, amounting to about one hundred persons, were set at large, and treated kindly by me; so much so that they remained with the party until evening."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the tribe itself

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is, however, satisfactory to know that the tribe itself gave up the murderer of Mr. Hall's servant."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Lamb, the superintendent at the station, informed me of the particulars of the murder of the two men by the blacks at this station; [illegible] on hearing this I [felt it] my duty to pursue the tribes who had committed these outrages, and having provisioned the party for fifteen days, I began my march."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ the whole tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I succeeded in capturing the whole tribe without any violence."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ their tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They confirmed they had been present at it with the rest of their tribe, and had partaken of the sheep that had been driven off."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ these natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It was but two days ago, when a Bill was brought in to enable these natives to give evidence in Courts of justice, and he could not but reproach himself with his absence from the House on that occasion, as his presence might possibly have saved that Bill from the defeat it sustained."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ this degraded race

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "It was urged, indeed, by some honorable members, that the massacre of this degraded race had, to a certain extent, been permitted by the Government but was it to be allowed in that House, that whatever had been previously done should form a ground for sweeping this race from the earth."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ those tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-02
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "That they at least were well disposed, although the measures they had taken for the protection of those tribes had turned out singularly unfortunate, not only for the welfare of the aborigines, but for the civilized people."
Citation: LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. (1849, July 2). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 3, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28646745

▸ Cranky

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The police came up with them three miles above Mr. Larnach's hut, and an attempt was made to capture Cranky (the black who some time since wounded Holmes, one of Mr. Yeomans's men,) and two others, when the police met with a desperate resistance; several of the blacks were wounded, and Cranky was killed, after a chace of three miles; he had speared Mr. Rens's horse, and nearly hit Mr. Rens himself with a second spear; Mr. Walker had also a narrow escape."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the Bubera mob

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the 9th June a detachment of police, with the Commandant, Mr. Walker, went in pursuit of the Bubera mob, who had been committing great depredations on the cattle on the river for the previous month."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The police on this occasion pursued the blacks some distance, and Edward, one of the police, sent a ball within three inches of Pulldown, one of the most notorious and desperate of the Severn blacks."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The writer adds that Mr. Walker, in thus acceding to the joint request of the stockholders on the river, had rendered them the most essential service, for the blacks had now assumed such a united and determined aspect, that if his force left, the settlers might as well quit the river at once, the blacks who committed the last outrages on the Condamine having joined the Macintyre blacks, and being, when the letter was written, within twenty-five miles of Goondawindi, while not a day passed without cattle being killed by them."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the marauding blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They then proceeded in search of the marauding blacks, who were then engaged in driving off and spearing the cattle of Messrs."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the notorious mob

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the return of the police to Boogabilla they started in pursuit of the notorious mob who have killed so many men, but after six days, two of which they were without food, they were obliged to give it up, owing to the treachery of the guides."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ the two principal tribes of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "SIR—Intelligence having been received from the few friendly blacks in the neighbourhood that the two principal tribes of blacks here have united for the purpose of destroying cattle, and with the evident intention of opposing the police under your command by force, we, the undersigned, earnestly request you will delay your departure for the Condamine until you have made an attempt at apprehending the ringleaders, including the murderers of Bradley, Mr. Yeomans's bullock driver, and Mr. Verrier's men."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ these blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-11
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The police came up with these blacks in the midst of a brigalow scrub, but the police being fatigued with a long journey the blacks got away from them, leaving behind their arms, tomahawks, opossum cloaks, and a steer of Mr. Dight's, which fell into the possession of the police."
Citation: THE NATIVE POLICE.—THE BLACKS ON THE MACINTYRE RIVER. (1849, July 11). The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article701935

▸ murdered at Helidon

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "About five years ago, a man named Worthington was murdered at Helidon, a station on Lockyer's Creek."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the accused individual

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This charge had been brought forward by a man who had lived in the service of the accused individual, and who at the time was in prison on a charge of horse-stealing."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "An alarm was given, and the black was fired upon and killed by Mr. Jamieson, who was afterwards committed for trial for the act, and it was afterwards discovered that this black, who had been deprived of his life in this way, was entirely innocent of the crime imputed to him."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The first case was one which had occurred at the Clarence River, and in which a gentleman had been charged with wholesale murder by poisoning the blacks with arsenic."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We must here insert an anecdote told by the last-named gentleman, in proof of the faithlessness of the blacks :— In 1826, a shepherd in the employ of Mr. Jamieson was shot, and the gins of the neighbourhood having a prejudice against one particular black, accused him of the crime, with such particulars of circumstantial evidence as induced his apprehension."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the murderers

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Two of the murderers have since been killed in attempting other outrages, but no thanks are due to government protection for such retribution."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: surveillance_or_following
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Persons who have been kind and generous to the natives, have been watched with the deadliest purpose, until a safe opportunity has presented itself for their slaughter, and then it has been effected."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The second case adduced by the Attorney-General in support of his Bill, was that of the murder of Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon by the natives at the Pine River."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ the very blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-07-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "After the commission of murder, we have seen walking about this town, in all the security of previous precaution, the very blacks of whose guilt there could be no moral doubt."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES' EVIDENCE BILL. (1849, July 14). The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 - 1861), p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3708864

▸ The former

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The former he treats as if they were his children, and in return they are most obedient to him; while the latter know that he will not allow any stockman to interfere with them."
Citation: REMARKS MADE BY A GENTLEMAN DURING A JOURNEY TO THE MACINTYRE RIVER AND BACK. FROM 17TH NOVEMBER TO 9TH DECEMBER. (1849, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It is widely different now, for at each station visited by the writer, and they were not a few, from 50 to 100 of the aborigines with their wives and children were encamped within a few hundred yards, and were on the most friendly terms with their white brethren."
Citation: REMARKS MADE BY A GENTLEMAN DURING A JOURNEY TO THE MACINTYRE RIVER AND BACK. FROM 17TH NOVEMBER TO 9TH DECEMBER. (1849, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-12-14
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the Balonne the blacks are at their old tricks of spearing Mr. Ogilvie's cattle, and dispersing them all over the country, while, with the exception of Mr. Walker's small force, no attempt whatever has been made to afford any assistance to settlers on that river."
Citation: REMARKS MADE BY A GENTLEMAN DURING A JOURNEY TO THE MACINTYRE RIVER AND BACK. FROM 17TH NOVEMBER TO 9TH DECEMBER. (1849, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871

▸ them

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1849-12-14
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This change has not however been brought about without some severe lessons having been read to them by the police; but they are now so sensible of their kind treatment, and of punishment in the event of their committing any mischief, that the most perfect order has been restored, and such a thing as spearing cattle is not thought of."
Citation: REMARKS MADE BY A GENTLEMAN DURING A JOURNEY TO THE MACINTYRE RIVER AND BACK. FROM 17TH NOVEMBER TO 9TH DECEMBER. (1849, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 2. Retrieved January 13, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12913871

▸ a blackfellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A few days before I called, a blackfellow having beaten a poor gin (woman) was chastised and banished by Mr. Parnell's authority and had sent repeated humble requests to be allowed to return to the camp."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ a large band of armed blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Shortly after their taking the run, a large band of armed blacks from the M'Intyre came down upon their station."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ a party of Golleon blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Parnell's station, I have fallen in with three stockmen, who related that about a month ago a party of Golleon blacks came to attack the station where they were living, and as the highly satisfactory result of a sharp contest, they stated that they saw nineteen blackfellows doubled up in the agonies of death."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ the black inhabitants

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Parnell first came to this run (Tyreel and Wollomol), nine years ago, it was considered almost valueless on account of the ferocity and mischievous habits of the black inhabitants, many of whom had been slain."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Only one of the Parnells and a stockman were there; these two rode round the blacks, discharging firearms in rapid succession, and by the influence of the intrepid boldness they displayed of their apparently matchless skill in the use of the musket and pistol, and of their commanding words, quite overawed the savage troop, and made them give up all their spears."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ the submissive band

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The next day the spears were restored, and the submissive band conducted on their way to their usual abode, impressed with a salutary conviction of the impossibility of overcoming such Englishmen, but without a single wound to excite their desire for revenge."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-10-13
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The very spot where they have just put up a new house was the scene of a most sanguinary conflict and mutual slaughter."
Citation: THE NAMOI DISTRICT. (1853, October 13). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 2 (Supplement). Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61328704

▸ A black man

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The following strange illustration of that conflict between light and darkness, of which every human breast is the scene, was related to me.-A black man on the Bundarra, who had been seven years the constant companion of a stockman, was riding, as usual, behind him, when suddenly he begged the white man not to allow him to ride behind him any more, for he felt so strongly inclined to kill him, that he feared he might do it, in spite of a desire to restrain himself, if the opportunity were still before him."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ Billy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Billy found a black fellow half dead in the bush, Billidu murri ngummi bollundi beru; he brought him home, gave him water to drink, Wombali ani kundigo kolle woane ngarugi; Nurrai brought us some meat, Nurraidu ngeanengo ti kanne."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ Billy

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At Warana I met Billy, one of the Namoi tribe, differing very much in features and expression from the Barwan blacks."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ Denis

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "On describing him, by his blind eye and other particulars, I was in-formed that he is well known by the colonists in the neighbourhood by the name Denis; that seven years ago he killed a white man."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ Denis and another black

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Denis and another black were detected in the attempt to steal cattle, and two stockmen pursued them and shot at them."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ Denis's comrade

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Denis's comrade fell dead; but he himself escaping the ball aimed at him, turned and with fatal effect threw his spear at his pursuer."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ He

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "He ac-companied me three miles, and on the way told me that they had met to fight, that a man of his tribe had been killed by one of another tribe, and they were seeking to avenge his death."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, incensed at the loss of their comrades, were constantly watching to wreak their vengence in the de-struction of the property and lives of the colonials."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ They

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They were most of them armed with spears; their heads were adorned with feathers, and their bodies with red colouring: it was evident that some public business had called them to-gether."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a blackfellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "As the path to the next station was not very distinct, they sent a blackfellow with me."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a clever but idle blackfellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "There is a house just 5 miles from Moree, so there are neighbours unusually near' and on the following day, being sabbath, I had a small but attentive congregation, and when the services were over, began the study of Kamilaroi, under the tuition of a clever but idle blackfellow, who goes by the name Dicky."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a few of the most intelligent blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The way in which I propose to set the truth of God before their minds is first to get portions of Scripture and Gospel tracts printed in the Kami-laroi language, then to teach a few of the most intelligent blacks to read them, and get them to read these proclamations of Divine merrcy to tribe after tribe of their fellow countrymen."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a number of black Scripture readers

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "So that it seems prac-ticable to have, in a short time, a number of black Scripture readers, making known to hundreds of their countrymen the soul-touching story of the love of Emmanuel to poor lost sinners."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a party of black police

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "They had been killed the evening before by a party of black police and some white men belonging to the station."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ a party of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A gentleman, who for several years has occupied extensive runs in different parts of the colony, had lost his way, and was discovered in an exhausted state by a party of blacks, who carried him to the nearest station; and thus, as he takes a pleasure in re-lating, certainly saved his life."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ another Namoi black

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I have met on the Paterson River, another Namoi black very closely resembling Billy."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "So decided is the attachment of blacks to their real friends, that several have left neighbouring stations, giving up 5s."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "At the Brothers I heard the details of a lament-able and recent slaughter of blacks."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ my guide

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Though accoutred as a savage warrior, my guide had been much in the company of civilised men, and had travelled in the service of a neighbouring squatter to this city."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ nineteen blackfellows

Number of people: 19
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Some stock-men who were driving a herd of cattle down from Mooni Creek to tho Murrumbidgee, related that on coming to a station of Mr. Pearce's on Mooni Creek, they saw nineteen blackfellows doubled up, that is lying dead in the writhing attitude of their last agony."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It required a good deal of courage and skill for a time to ensure their safety: any appearance of trepidation would have emboldened the blacks, who were fifty times their number, to attack them—any fatal or serious wound would have awakened an unconquerable thirst for revenge; but, by a persevering course of firmness and kindness, they succeeded in winning their friendship."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A short time before this, there had been a sharp encounter between a party of white men and the blacks; in which many of the latter and some of the former had been killed, near the spot where Mr. Par-nell's house now stands."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Outside a garden of Mr. Parnell's, well stocked with a variety of the most useful vegetables and fruits, a very rare sight within a hundred miles of the place, I saw a garden be-longing to the blacks, the result of their own efforts, in tending which they have shown a measure of that patience and perseverance of which the whole race is sometimes said to be utterly destitute."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Parnells resolved to maintain a resolute defence without inflicting any injury on the blacks."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the blacks' gathering

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "28.—Left Goonal and rode down the river, pass-ing the scene of the blacks' gathering I found that their war ended as usual in the clashing of angry words."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the wild blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The stockmen who described the event, said that the wild blacks who were shot were coming down to attack the station; chiefly for the purpose of killing the blacks who had settled there; so that the charge which laid them prostrate was a necessary act in defence of those, blacks, who had a claim on the protection of their employers."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ the wild blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "But in this case I afterwards heard, on better authority, that the wild blacks had made no attempt on the station, or on the lives of the blacks connected with it; that the only plea for this act of butchery was that they had been spearing cattle, and it was surmised that they meant to attack the station; so the police and their instigators, having tracked them to a spot near the station, came unawares upon them, and poured their death volley into the midst of them."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ two or three blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When the sun was near setting, I became sure that I had missed the way, and was anticipating a night in the bush without supper, when I saw two or three blacks before me; as I rode up to them more and more came in sight, till about sixty appeared."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ two tribes of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1853-12-03
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "At a place which I visited on the Barwon, after a pitched battle be-tween two tribes of blacks, one man was found apparently dead with a spear in his chest."
Citation: LECTURE ON THE KAMILAROI BLACKS. (1853, December 3). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60146903

▸ The blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks, when they saw the men coming, ran into our hut, and the men then all of them got off their horses, and Russell had a rope which goes round a horse's neck, and began to undo it, whilst the blacks were in the hut."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ an obnoxious tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The circumstances of the case are briefly these: A number of stockmen and shepherds in the district, being enraged at some depredations committed among the cattle and sheep for which they were held responsible, sallied out in force, and coming on an obnoxious tribe at their camping place, on a squatter's station, seized the entire body, and marching them to a lonely spot, put them all to death, under circumstances of most appalling atrocity."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ shepherds, hut keepers, and stockmen

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In the encounters which resulted from these depredations, lives were sometimes sacrificed, and not unfrequently shepherds, hut keepers, and stockmen, paid with their existence their fidelity to the interests of their employers or masters."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ some native blacks

Number of people: 20
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The following evidence, adduced on one of the trials which took place in Sydney, contains the chief particulars of the transaction which was marked by such terrible consequences:— George A__ deposed: I am assigned servant to Mr. D__; I was at his station at Myall Creek as hutkeeper in June; Mr. H__, who lives there as Superintendent, left home to go to the Big River in the beginning of June; when he left there were some native blacks there; I have said there were twenty, and I am sure there were that number and upwards; I would not swear there were not forty; while master was away, some men came on a Saturday, about ten; I cannot say how many days after master left; they came on horseback, all armed with muskets, swords, and pistols, I was at home when they came, with the stock-keeper; I was sitting with Kilmeister the stock-keeper in the hut; I saw them coming up; they came up galloping with guns and pistols pointing towards the hut; I did not attend to what they said; they were talking to Kilmeister outside."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ ten black fellows

Number of people: 10
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The same evening the ten black fellows came back whom Foster had taken away in the morning, and I turned them (five) away along with those ten; I sent them away as I did not like to keep them, as the men might come back and kill them."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ ten black fellows

Number of people: 10
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "They brought back no black gin they saved; the gins they left, and the two boys and the child I sent away with ten black fellows who went away in the morning."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the aboriginals

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "For it appears it had become a settled understanding, that whenever the aboriginals appeared in the neighbourhood of a river or creek, they were to be fired at as though they were beasts of prey—the obvious reason being that those places were the favourite resorts of the flocks and herds of the settlers."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the other hand, the knowledge of the disarmament of the men at the stations, which soon spread throughout the interior, rendered the aborigines more audacious in their depredations."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "In an official report on the police of the colony, published also in December, 1839, a gentleman holding a high official appointment states, in evidence, that for a considerable time previously the blacks had been hunted and fired at, like native dogs by the Europeans at the distant stations."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In a discussion which took place in the Legislative Council on the 23rd of August 1840, in which the right of the blacks to frequent the water holes and rivers was discussed, the late Bishop of Sydney, Dr. Broughton, not only maintained that the blacks had a superior claim to the possession of those natural reservoirs, which were so necessary to their sustenance, but held that they were justified in defending them against the inroads of the whites, and their flocks and herds."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "So much had the blacks felt the hardship of this exclusion, that when by the regulations of the Protectorate the right to frequent the localities where fresh water was to be found, was restored to them, their joy and gratitude knew no bounds."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "For a considerable period, the settlers in the remote districts had suffered to some extent from the depredations occasionally committed by the blacks, when the latter, driven by necessity, assailed the flocks and herds of the former, for the purpose of obtaining the ordinary means of subsistence."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I know Russell, Salouse, Foley, Johnstone, Hawkins, Kilmeister, Palliser, Lamb, and Oates; Blake and Pany I do not know; about ten came up to the hut as near as I could tell; I will not swear Pany was not of the number, but I did not see him; I never saw any of them before then except Kilmeister; I cannot say which came up first; they were all spread about; the blacks were all encamped, ready for the night; they were not more than two yards from the hut; this was about an hour and a half before sundown; there were plenty of women and children amongst the blacks."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "While he was undoing it I asked what they were going to do with the blacks, and Russell said, 'We are going to take them over the back of the range to frighten them;' Russell and some one or two went in; I only took notice of Russell going in while the blacks were in; I remained outside; one of them remained in; I heard the crying of the blacks for relief or assistance to me and Kilmeister; they were moaning the same as a mother and children would cry; there were small things that could not walk; there were a good many small boys and girls; after they were tied, I saw Russell bring the end of the rope out they were tied with, and give it to one of the men on horseback; the party then went away with the blacks; the man who took the rope from Russell went in front, and the others behind; all the blacks were tied fast together with the rope; they were tied by the hands, and one black fellow had on a pair of handcuffs; the rope with which they were fastened was a very long tether rope for horses in a field; they brought out the whole except two, who made their escape when the men were coming up; they were two little boys, and they jumped into the creek close to the hut; there was no water in it, and they escaped at a dry part; one black gin they left with me in the hut; they left her because she was good looking; they said so; another black gin they left that was with Davy, another black fellow who was with me; there was a little child at the back of the hut, when they were tying the party, and when the blacks and party were going away, this little child, as I thought, was going to follow the party with its mother, but I took hold of it, and put it into the hut, and stopped it from going; I had two little boys, the small child, two gins, and Davy and Billy; they all went away except these; the child was going after its mother."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Some of the children were not tied; others were; they followed the rest that were tied; the small ones, two or three, were not able to walk; the women carried them on their backs, in opossum skins; the small children were not tied, that followed the mob; they were all crying, in and out of the hut, till they got out of my hearing; they went up towards the west, from the hut, the road way; Kilmeister got his horse ready, after he had done talking to them, and just before they were going to start, he went with them on horseback and took the pistol with him; he was talking to them five or ten minutes; I did not take notice what he said; I was frightened; I did not pay any attention to what they were talking about; Oates had a pistol; I know Foley; he had a pistol in his hand, standing at the door while the blacks were inside."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Next night after, the same men came back to the hut where they took the blacks from; they were all together of a lump, except Kilmeister, who was left behind; one of the party gave Kilmeister's saddle off his horse, and I asked him where Kilmeister was; he came in about twenty minutes after; they stopped all night; I and Kilmeister slept together in one berth; the rest all slept in the hut; they were talking; I cannot recollect what they said; next morning, three of them after they had breakfast, took firesticks out of the hut, Russell, Fleming, and Kilmeister; before they took the firesticks, Fleming told Kilmeister to bring the leg-rope with him that ropes the cows; Kilmeister asked me for the leg-rope, and I gave it to him, and they went in the direction that they took the blacks, and then I heard the two pieces."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "While they were away, Foley and I were in the hut together, and the rest away: during the time they were away, I asked Foley if any of the blacks had made their escape; he said none that he saw; he said all were killed except one black gin."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "I heard the crying of the blacks for relief or assistance; they were mourning the same as a mother and children would cry; there were small things that could not walk."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the men supposed to be implicated

Number of people: 7
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The magistrates in the district, being made aware of the circumstances, had the men supposed to be implicated arrested and sent to Sydney, where, on a second trial, having been previously acquitted, they were, seven in number, found guilty of murder, and executed."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ the more troublesome or more ferocious of the hostile or suspected tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Some poisonous drugs used in the treatment of diseases among sheep and cattle, were mixed in the flour of dampers, and these being divided among the more troublesome or more ferocious of the hostile or suspected tribes, produced in a more quiet manner the same fatal results as powder and ball."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ those parties

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1854-05-24
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "An expedition made by one of those parties, which ended in the Myall Creek Massacre, is what is now to be described."
Citation: THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA. No. XV. (1854, May 24). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 3. Retrieved January 1, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60196003

▸ 360 blacks

Number of people: 360
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A fortnight before 360 blacks had been assembled there, chiefly natives of the Balun and Mooni."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ Blackfellows coming in from the west

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Blackfellows coming in from the west re-port that last summer very large numbers, afraid to visit the river, were crowded round a few scanty waterholes, within a day's walk of which it was im-possible to get sufficient food; that during the hottest weather the great red ants in that dry locality were so formidable that neither men nor even opossums could rest night or day, except for an hour or so at noon; that owing to these combined hardships many died."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ One poor fellow on the Mooni

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "One poor fellow on the Mooni addressed me in a long and pathetic harangue on the wrongs which his people have suffered at the hands of the white man, and urged upon me, as I had been telling the blackfellows not to do evil, to go round and tell the white men not to wrong the blacks, especially not to take away their wives."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ The Pikumbul blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The Pikumbul blacks were for some years the most determined and troublesome foes the colonists have met in this country."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ The blacks at Western Creek

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The blacks at Western Creek were shy, and at first pretended not to understand the dialect in which I spoke to them; but a word of Kamilaroi which I used having offended the chief man among them, he answered me angrily in the same language, and thus gave me the information I was seeking."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ The few blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The few blacks I met at Warwick and on Canning Downs understood the Brisbane dialect, and have the same family names as those on the coast of Moreton Bay."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ Two young blackfellows

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Two young blackfellows began in earnest to learn to read the tracts which I prepared and illustrated with paintings for them."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ a blackfellow from the Barwan

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In my way up the Namoi I met a blackfellow from the Barwan, who had several times heard me speak of religion; who, as I was passing, followed me out of hearing of his companions, and then told me that a white man on the Barwan had taken away his wife."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ a company of forty blacks

Number of people: 40
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At Burudtha, on, the Barwan, I met a company of forty blacks engaged in a ceremony in which amuse-ment was combined with some mystical purpose."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ a dozen aborigines

Number of people: 12
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We arrived early that day at Wiraburn, 15 miles below Surat, where a dozen aborigines having heard that a white man was coming who could speak their language, came up to the hut as soon as they saw me, and listened very attentively to my discourse."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ a few resident blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Between the point at which I reached the Mooni and the junction of the Namoi I visited 18 stations, at all of which I found a few resident blacks; at several as many as eight or twelve."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At several stations along the river I met aborigines who had a few words in common with the language I had previously learnt on the Namoi: but found very few who understood that language till I came to Surat, 300 miles down the river from Warwick."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ about 100 aborigines

Number of people: 100
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Between Bulgora and Kara-wildai, that is 50 miles, I met with about 100 aborigines."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ about forty blacks

Number of people: 40
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At four stations thereon, met about forty blacks, all speak Pikumbul, and know something of Kamilaroi."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ about thirty aborigines

Number of people: 30
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The next day, after preaching to the colonists at Moggil, on the Brisbane River (fifteen miles above this town), addressed about thirty aborigines, who were en-camped there, in Turrubul, which they understood."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ an aboriginal native of the Hunter River district

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the road to Warwick, on the 26th, I met an aboriginal native of the Hunter River district, who had been to Scotland."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ blackfellows' report

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "This is only blackfellows' report; but when we know that people have been cut off from four-fifths of their usual supply of food, and reduced to a scanty supply of bad water, is it an incredible report that sickness and death have fallen upon them?"
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ his people

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It happened that while I was near him he called to his people to guide him to their camp, and as no one of them noticed him, I took one end of the old spear which they use in lead-ing him, and, handing him the other end, guided him thither."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ nearly a dozen blacks

Number of people: 12
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From the head of the Weir I again crossed the Downs by Yandilla, where I found nearly a dozen blacks who speak Paiamba, a dialect containing a few words like those of the Brisbane tribes, but which was for the most part quite strange to me."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ the aborigine

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But when the country was taken up, and herds of cattle introduced, not only did the cattle drive away the kangaroos, but those who had charge of the cattle found it necessary to keep the aborigine away from the river, as their appearance frightened the cattle in all directions."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ the aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "As most of the aborigines are quick at learning the letters (though they have no alphabet of their own), I prepare and distribute among them, whenever I visit them, small spelling-books or tracts, containing their own words in English characters."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Some years ago a man in Mr. Rusden's service having lost his way in the bush, was found by the blacks half dead with hunger and fatigue; and when they had fed and nursed him till he was strong again, they brought him to his master."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On Sabbath (28th), while I was preaching to the owners of the station and their men, the blacks assem-bled in the verandah to hear; and having seen their masters listening to me, were afterwards much more attentive when I tried to make them understand in Kamilaroi the import of my message."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "After some fatal conflicts, in which some colonists and many aborigines have been slain, the blacks have been awed into submission to the orders which forbid their access to the river."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ their black neigh-bours

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But the next day, the men in charge of the station, who are good friends to their black neigh-bours, having come home, and the police being gone, I found them much more accessible."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "And though now on friendly terms with the white people, and useful in the busi-ness of the stations, they are more ferocious in their fights one with another than most of the aborigines; stabbing and maiming, and even fatal wounds are fre-quent results of their quarrels."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ they

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: theft_or_raid
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "As might be expected, partly from the pressure of real want, partly out of anger at the interference of the white man with their prosperity, they skulk about spearing cattle."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ three who had been on the Namoi

Number of people: 3
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At Warrawarra, 100 miles northward from War-wick, I met in a party of ten blackfellows, three who had been on the Namoi, and conversed with me in the language used there."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ troops of aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "In fact it is said that while troops of aborigines roam about the runs, and especially if they go near the cattle camps and watering places, it is im-possible to keep a herd together."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ twenty-five aborigines

Number of people: 25
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "At Surat and Yambukal, a mile down, I found twenty-five aborigines who understood Kamilaroi, and after a time became attentive and communicative."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ two or three blacks

Number of people: 3
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "When I came near the junction of the Mooni with the river Barwan, at a station called Gundabului, I met two or three blacks who had seen and heard me on the Barwan in May, 1854."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ very few aborigines

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1855-12-14
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "On the Darling Downs, through which the Conda-mine flows for 100 miles, I saw very few aborigines; and most of those few spoke dialects with which I was unacquainted."
Citation: REPORT, (1855, December 14). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12977663

▸ Cumbo

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The legends re late that Cumbo won every battle, was in the front rank of attack, and by personal valour and prowess urged his men on to victory."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ Cumbo Gunerah

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "To avenge these hostile attacks, Cumbo Gunerah led his warriors against them, and slaughtered every warrior of the Coonbri tribe that fought him."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ The Walleri or Big River Blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "When the Walleri or Big River Blacks fought us they killed a great number of our tribe, but when the white man came we began to die right out (or in her own words white feller swell kill all Murri blackfellers)."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ a black of another tribe

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The search was conducted with a black of another tribe."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ any black

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The excavating was begun, but no price or per-suasion could induce the, that, or any black to assist in looking for the bones of this ancient chief, whose name and burial-place have been sung and known for generations."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the Coonbri tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Long before she was born, her old man black feller (father) said the Coonbri tribes around Terry hi-hi were very powerful, and had made many depredations on the Kamelroi tribe about Narrabri."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the Kamelroi and surrounding tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "His deeds, exploits, name, and fame have been banded down in the camp legends, songs, and traditions of the Kamelroi and surrounding tribes to this day."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the Kamelroi tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The other epoch marks the reign of the powerful and faring chief or king, Cumbo Gunerah, who lived before the great flood, and to whose prowess may be attributed the superiority of the Kamelroi tribe, which for over a hundred years, according to aboriginal tradition, had possession of the country from Singleton to above Narrabri, and whose power was dreaded by all the adjacent tribes."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The explorers, in passing through here, lived, by the assistance of the blacks, on this plant."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the helpless, the old and infirm, the women and children

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: defensive_precaution
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Here, in this fortress valley, were gathered the helpless, the old and infirm, the women and children, where they could be easily defended, and left with toler able safety, while the chief led his warriors to battle, or away in the more peaceful hunt for wal laby, turkey, or emu."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the inhabi tants of .the main camp

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From all these bris were collected the inhabi tants of .the main camp whose qualifications were something like the following - years of residence on ' the river, having grown old and infirm, or having displayed great valour as a warrior, or great skill as a game-catcher, and being unable to further practise these avocations."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the old aboriginal

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "His grave, said the old aboriginal, is near the courthouse, for when I was there about 10 years ago, getting blankets, we were afraid that the white people would build a house over Cumbo's grave."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the old blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "It appears that, from the accounts given by the old blacks (and there are some 70, 80, and 90 years old about here), Gunnedah, being pretty well surrounded by mountains and on the edge of a great plain, was selected as the seat and main camp of the powerful Kamelroi tribe."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the old blacks of the other tribes about

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Her story is confirmed by the old blacks of the other tribes about, and they also state that his illustrious name was used to fortify the warrior and cheer him on to battle as late as the advent of the white man among them, and until aboriginal warfare ceased among themselves."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the old woman's

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "A few days before the old woman's death, when the doctor's kindness with a little stimulating rum had won her confidence, she divulged the site so many generations a secret in the tribe."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ the other blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "So was I. Having been very kind to her, the story she and the other blacks refused to divulge, flowed freely."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ theold blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: flight_or_avoidance
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "But the continued rain and the reported prophecy of a great flood by theold blacks caused all the people to be moved to the hills."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ this soldier king

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1891-08-08
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The old traditions state that this soldier king had both arms broken, his thigh speared, many body bones (ribs) smashed and wounds in the head from the tomahawk or battle-axe."
Citation: THE TOURIST. (1891, August 8). The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912), p. 292. Retrieved January 18, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article162173463

▸ Gibber

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: custody_or_policing
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "The native police were successful in capturing 'Gibber,' the murderer of young Marks."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ a friendly native

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "My father's people in Richmond were deeply concerned and very anxious about his safety when he first came up to the Namoi, and when asked if he was in as much danger as they feared, he replied, 'One needed to be always cautious,' and he mentioned how he had once been warned by a friendly native."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ an aborigines camp

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "Cunningham had strayed away from the party, and when in a weak and exhausted condition, he was given food in an aborigines camp— treated in quite a friendly way— but probably because of illness he rose several times during the night."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Thus briefly is the story of the first murder by blacks of white men in this district."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "'The settlers' patience was really tried when the nine-year-old son of a settler, James Marks, was speared by blacks while he was shepherding sheep, roasted while still alive, and portions of the body left lying where the ghastly deed was done."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "From my father, who got the story from those who came to the district before him, I understand that a large number of natives were slaughtered, and in my early boyhood heard men say that bones were still to be seen strewn around the scene of the massacre."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the McIntyre tribe

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A number of settlers, with their stockmen, taking the law into their own hands, carried out reprisals against the McIntyre tribe at 'Umbercollie,' for which deed they were arrested and tried."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the McIntyre tribe of blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "During these early years the settlers were greatly troubled by the McIntyre tribe of blacks, who had threatened to drive all the white people off the McIntyre and Barwon Rivers."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the aborigine

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The story of the murder of Cunningham, the botanist who accompanied Major Mitchell on his trip to the Darling in 1833, shows how easily the aborigine succumbs to this temptation to kill."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "A few months after moving stock there his shepherd was murdered by the blacks only a short distance from the hut and the body frightfully mutilated."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the natives

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "By the use of slashing whips, and with guns in reserve, the natives were driven into a yard and then shot."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the natives' suspicions

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "This was said to have aroused the natives' suspicions and so he, like the Finch party, was killed, not in his sleep, but stricken down from behind."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ the two murdered men

Number of people: 2
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "Finch knew that under such difficulties they could not expect to overtake the explorers, so he left two men to guard the supplies, and, hoping against hope that the Major's party would be found not far ahead, went forward with one companion on foot, but finding they were not as near as he had hoped, returned a few days later, and found the camp in almost indescribable disorder— the tent slashed and cut, goods strewn around, and most dreadful sight of all, beneath a pile of pack-saddles, bullock yokes, various articles of camp equipment, and precious provisions the legs only of the two murdered men were visible, whilst two bullocks were noticed to be peacefully grazing nearby."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ this friendly blackfellow

Number of people: 1
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: pursuit_or_threat
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "'Don't you walk in front of me, or I might kill you' this friendly blackfellow said, and he was simply alluding to the temptation that he knew would come upon him, a blackfellow, to deal it out to a white fellow who was so careless as to disregard a black hunter's natural lust to kill."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ wild blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-20
Interaction type: direct_violence
Direct violence: Yes
Quotation: "The first white men killed in this district by wild blacks were two members of Mr. Finch's party when he was trying to overtake Major Mitchell with supplies."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 20). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184173250

▸ natives

Number of people: 5000
Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-27
Interaction type: other_relevant_interaction
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "One such gathering, held at Brewarrina, was said to have drawn five thousand natives there."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 27). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved February 26, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917

▸ the blacks

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-27
Interaction type: friendly_contact
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "I remember two of the most trusted nurses in Wagga Wagga who told my mother that what made them so successful was that they had learned from the blacks."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 27). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved February 26, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917

▸ the leaders of the tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-27
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "From the pages of the same book we learn that it was the practice of the leaders of the tribes to send out to other tribes their brightest and most inteligent youths to learn their language that they may become interpreters, and, further, that from time to time conventions were held and matters of common interest were dealt with."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 27). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved February 26, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917

▸ the tribes

Side: Aboriginal
Date mentioned: 1949-10-27
Interaction type: guidance_or_mediation
Direct violence: No
Quotation: "We know the tribes lived separate and had their own laws, regulations and use of locality, but there were some general codes that bound all, and it was for the consideration of these greater codes that these assemblies were called, and where they were to meet was declared a sanctuary a year before so that there would be abundant game for them all whilst there."
Citation: THE EARLY HISTORY OF MOREE AND ADJACENT DISTRICTS. (1949, October 27). North West Champion (Moree, NSW : 1915 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved February 26, 2026, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917
URL: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184172917

Gomeroi Resistance

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Gomeroi Resistance

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